This guide covers sentencing and corrections systematically, from the presentence investigation through release and supervision. The opening parts cover the statutory framework, the guideline calculation, and the constitutional decisions that converted the federal guidelines from binding rules into an advisory starting point reviewed for reasonableness. Later parts cover the presentence report as the document that drives both the guideline range and the institutional term; mandatory minimums and the narrow statutory paths around them; the concurrent and consecutive rules whose defaults flip depending on whether another sentence is undischarged; and restitution, fines, and forfeiture. The corrections parts cover sentence computation — credit for prior custody, good conduct credit, earned time, and prerelease placement — together with designation, classification, detainers, programming, discipline, and the administrative remedy process that is a prerequisite to judicial relief. Final parts cover parole in indeterminate systems, supervised release and revocation, sentence reduction mechanisms including compassionate release, and the juvenile sentencing decisions that have created resentencing rights for people sentenced decades ago. Tables and worked computations appear throughout.