Guide · Education
School Discipline and Student Rights: A Comprehensive Guide to Suspension, Expulsion, Speech, and Records
20 U.S.C. § 1400
- Type
- Guide
- Jurisdiction
- National
- Date
- 2025-06-21
- Topic
- Education
This guide covers school discipline and student rights from the first removal through the final appeal. It begins with the constitutional framework — due process, speech, and search — and explains precisely how much process each tier of discipline requires and why the ten-day line governs everything. A substantial part covers students with disabilities, including the manifestation determination, the stay-put rule, protections for students not yet identified, and the interaction between IDEA, Section 504, and the ADA. Separate parts address education records and their amendment, the discrimination statutes that ride alongside discipline decisions, and the parallel juvenile justice system that a school referral can trigger. The guide then sets out hearing practice in detail, including what to request, what persuades, and how to build a record for appeal. It closes with restraint and seclusion, informal removals, private school differences, worked problems, and a reference section. Authority is cited and linked throughout.
The full text of this document is available to Executive subscribers and above. See plans.