Servicemembers and veterans occupy a distinct legal universe built from two civil statutes and one enormous benefits system, and this UpLaw guide maps all three. It explains USERRA's reemployment framework -- the five prerequisites, the escalator principle traced back to Fishgold, the motivating-factor discrimination standard, the employer's narrow defenses, health and pension continuation, and an enforcement scheme with no statute of limitations at all. It then walks the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act: stays of civil proceedings, the affidavit and reopening rules that govern default judgments, the 6% interest cap that forgives rather than defers, lease termination, eviction limits, and the anti-foreclosure provision that voids sales made without a court order. It covers VA benefits from service connection and the presumptions through the rating schedule, the duty to assist, and the post-2019 appeals-modernization lanes up through the Board and the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims. It closes with veterans' preference in federal hiring, the UCMJ in outline, the Feres doctrine and its stubborn bar on servicemember tort claims, and the Title 10 / Title 32 / state-active-duty problem that decides whether a Guard member has any federal protection at all. A running hypothetical follows a returning Guard sergeant and a deployed staff sergeant facing foreclosure through every stage.