A working guide to language access law across every setting in which it arises. Part one covers the statutory architecture, why national origin discrimination became the vehicle, and the decision that removed private disparate-impact enforcement. Part two covers courts and criminal proceedings, including the federal interpreter statute and the immigration setting. Part three covers health care, which has the clearest obligation and the highest stakes. Part four covers schools, both services for students and communication with parents. Part five covers benefits, police, housing, and elections. Part six covers interpretation and translation as distinct obligations and what qualification actually means. Part seven covers deaf and hard-of-hearing access under the disability statutes. Part eight covers enforcement, compliance programs, and the audit that finds most failures.