Healthcare compliance rests on three statutory pillars that operate on completely different logics, and confusing them is the most expensive mistake in the field. HIPAA is a data-protection regime governing covered entities and business associates through the Privacy, Security, and Breach Notification Rules. The Anti-Kickback Statute is an intent-based criminal law that reaches any remuneration intended to induce federal healthcare program referrals, with voluntary safe harbors that protect only arrangements fitting every element. The Stark Law is a strict-liability payment ban on physician self-referral where good faith is legally irrelevant and only an exact-fit exception saves the arrangement. The False Claims Act converts violations of all three into treble damages and per-claim penalties, enforced largely by private qui tam relators. This guide traces each regime from statutory text through the leading cases, compares them where they overlap, works a running physician-group hypothetical through medical-director and referral arrangements, and closes with compliance-program design, self-disclosure strategy, and the telehealth and digital-health frontier.