This guide covers environmental permitting and compliance from application through enforcement resolution. It sets out the water, air, and waste permitting regimes, what each application requires, and how long each takes. It explains the permit shield and the disclosure practice that makes it protective. It addresses the jurisdictional question after the Supreme Court's 2023 decision and the groundwater rule that preceded it. It walks the anatomy of a permit and the compliance calendar that prevents most enforcement. It covers inspections, notices of violation, penalty calculation, consent decree negotiation, and self-disclosure. It treats citizen suits, including the standing and mootness rules that decide them. It closes with transactions, permit transfer, and individual liability.