This guide covers the law governing minors online in the order a practitioner needs it, beginning with the constitutional framework because it determines which statutes will survive. It traces the doctrine from Ginsberg and Butler through Reno, the Ashcroft decisions, and American Library Association, and then works through Free Speech Coalition v. Paxton and what its adoption of intermediate scrutiny does and does not settle. It develops COPPA in operational detail: the child-directed multi-factor test, the actual knowledge standard, the verifiable parental consent methods, the substantive obligations, the safe harbor programs, and enforcement. It then covers the three families of state statute — design codes, social media access laws, and content access laws — with their distinct constitutional problems. It assesses each verification method against reliability, privacy cost, and accessibility, and closes with program architecture, vendor management, data security, incident response, and the adjacent obligations that age programs routinely miss.