Agricultural labor is governed by a set of rules built on a century of deliberate exceptions, and understanding it means understanding what farmworkers were carved out of rather than what they were given. This article explains the agricultural exemption from federal overtime, the small-farm exemption from minimum wage, and the child labor rules that are looser in agriculture than anywhere else. It explains the statute written specifically for migrant and seasonal workers — registration of farm labor contractors, mandatory written disclosure at recruitment, housing and vehicle standards, and a private right of action with statutory damages. It covers the H-2A visa program: the labor certification that must precede it, the wage floor that governs, the housing and transportation the employer must provide, and the three-quarters guarantee that is the program's most-violated term. It covers field sanitation, pesticide handling, and heat, the three hazards that dominate. It closes with joint employment across grower, contractor, and packer, and what enforcement actually looks like.