A property insurance claim is a negotiation conducted in a technical vocabulary the policyholder does not speak, at a moment when their house has burned. This article explains what actually happens after a loss, why the adjuster's estimate is a starting position rather than a valuation, and where the leverage is. It explains the difference between actual cash value and replacement cost, and the recoverable depreciation that is withheld until repairs are made. It covers the scope-versus-price distinction that decides most disputes. It explains the proof of loss, the examination under oath, and the duties that can void coverage if ignored. It covers the exclusions that surprise people: flood, earth movement, anti-concurrent causation, and mold limitations. It covers the appraisal clause, which is the fastest and least understood remedy in the policy. It covers additional living expense, ordinance and law coverage, and the mortgagee's role. It closes with bad faith and eleven ways good claims are underpaid.