Religious liberty law in the United States runs on two engines that most people conflate: a constitutional clause that protects less than you would expect, and a set of statutes that protect a great deal more. This article explains why the Free Exercise Clause alone rarely wins a case, what changed in 1990, and how Congress and the states responded with statutes that restored a demanding test. It walks through the workplace accommodation duty under Title VII and why the standard for refusing one is stricter than employers have long assumed. It covers what makes a belief protected — sincerity, not orthodoxy — and why courts almost never evaluate whether a belief is theologically correct. Later parts address prisons, land use, schools, health care, and the conflicts between religious objections and anti-discrimination law. Worked examples show how an accommodation request actually succeeds or fails, and the article closes with what to do on each side of the request.