Guardianship removes a person's legal authority over their own life and gives it to someone else, which makes it the most consequential civil proceeding most families ever encounter. This article explains what guardianship and conservatorship actually are, the difference between authority over the person and authority over property, and the alternatives that courts increasingly require be tried first. It covers the petition, the evidence of incapacity, the appointment of counsel and a guardian ad litem, the hearing, and the powers that a guardian does and does not receive. It explains the ongoing obligations — reports, accountings, bonds, and court approval for major decisions — and the process for modification, successor appointment, and restoration of rights. Examples follow one family through a crisis, a petition, and a less restrictive resolution that would have avoided the case entirely.