Housing discrimination almost never announces itself, and the cases that get won are built from ordinary documents rather than confessions. This article explains what the Fair Housing Act actually prohibits, who it covers, and the three theories — intentional treatment, disparate impact, and refusal to accommodate — that carry nearly every claim. It takes apart the forms discrimination actually takes today: the application that is suddenly unavailable, the occupancy rule that quietly excludes families with children, the no-pets policy applied to a service animal, the advertisement that says who would be comfortable there, the steering that never mentions race, and the appraisal that comes in low. It then explains testers, the evidentiary role they play, and why a pattern of small refusals is stronger evidence than one loud remark. Practical sections cover what to write down in the first hour, how administrative and court routes differ, and what remedies are actually available. Real examples run throughout, and every authority is linked to its text. It is written for tenants and buyers, and equally for the landlords and agents who would rather not become the defendant.