Garner v. United States

How later courts describe this case

• holding that “pinging” the defendant’s cell phone to gather cell site location data did not violate the Fourth Amendment because agents could have obtained the same information by following the defendant’s car
• reasoning that federal agents’ action in calling defendant’s cell phone and hanging up before it rang in order to “ping” defendant’s physical location was not search under Fourth Amendment, as it was possible for any member of public to view defendant’s car