Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States

Atlantic Coast Line Railroad v. Powe

Atl. Coast Line R.R. v. Powe, 283 U.S. 401 (1931)

Type
Opinion
Court
Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction
Federal
Date
1931-05-18
Topic
general

Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the Court. This is. an action under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act for causing the death of Marshall, the respondent’s deceased. It has been before the Court after an earlier trial, Atlantic Coast Line R. Co. v.

Citator

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Cited by
52 opinions

Headnotes

  1. Torts — Negligence Where the general principles governing the placement of structures near railroad tracks (mail cranes, semaphores) recognize that it is impracticable always to set such structures far enough away to eliminate all danger to an employee leaning out, a railroad is not negligent in adopting a structure that is a well-known incident of the employment and is installed in the interest of the public and the employees, and the risk is not to be thrown upon those compelled to adopt it. 283 U.S. at 402
  2. Torts — Negligence A railroad company that places a semaphore at a distance from the track exceeding the minimum distance fixed by a state railroad commission order is warranted in supposing it has discharged its duty so far as the commission is concerned, and no negligence in the placement is established where it does not appear that the position could have been made safer, except by relocating the track. 283 U.S. at 402–03
  3. Torts — Negligence In an action under the Federal Employers' Liability Act, the question is not whether a reasonable insurance of employees against injury should be thrown upon the traveling public through the railroads, but whether the railroad is liable under the statute according to the principles of the common law regarding tort. 283 U.S. at 403
  4. Civil Procedure — Certiorari The denial of a writ of certiorari imports no expression of opinion upon the merits of the case. 283 U.S. at 403 (quoting United States v. Carver, 260 U.S. 482, 490)
ATLANTIC COAST LINE R. CO.v. POWE,283 U.S. 401(1931)
51 S.Ct. 498
ATLANTIC COAST LINE RAILROAD CO.v. POWE, ADMINISTRATOR.
CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
No. 600.
Argued May 1, 1931.
Decided May 18, 1931.
1. In an action under the Employers' Liability Act for death of a switchman, killed while on the outside of a moving car by being brought into contact with a semaphore near the track, there is no ground to charge negligence in placing the semaphore too near the track when the distance exceeds the minimum permitted by the state railroad commission, and when it does not appear that to make the place safe by increasing the distance would have been practicable for the railroad company. P. 402. 2. The question in such cases is not whether a reasonable insurance of employees against injury should be thrown upon the traveling public through the railroads, but whether the railroad is liable under the statute according to the principles of the common law regarding tort. P. 403. 3. The denial of a writ of certiorari imports no expression of opinion upon the merits of the case.Id.159 S.E. 473, reversed.
CERTIORARI,282 U.S. 836, to review a judgment affirming a
judgment for the present respondent in an action under the
Federal Employers' Liability Act.
Page 402
Mr. Arthur R. Young, with whomMessrs. Thomas W. DavisandV.E. Phelpswere on the brief, for petitioner.Mr. John P. Grace, with whomMr. W. Turner Loganwas on the brief, for respondent.Mr. Lionel K. Leggealso submitted a brief for respondent.
MR. JUSTICE HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is an action under the Federal Employers' Liability Act for causing the death of Marshall, the respondent's deceased. It has been before the Court after an earlier trial,Atlantic CoastLine R. Co. v.Tyner,278 U.S. 565, and now is brought here again to review a judgment of the Supreme Court of South Carolina affirming a judgment for the plaintiff.159 S.E. 473. The petitioner contends that it was entitled to have a verdict directed in its favor on the grounds that there was no evidence that it was negligent and that Marshall must be taken to have assumed the risk of the supposed cause of his death.

It may be assumed that Marshall, a switchman, was killed while on the outside of a moving car by being brought into contact with a semaphore near the railroad track. The only ground for charging the Company with negligence that we regard as material is the suggestion that the semaphore was too near the track. The general principles laid down with regard to mail cranes inSouthernPacific Co. v.Berkshire,254 U.S. 415, andChesapeake OhioRy. Co. v.Leitch,276 U.S. 429, apply equally to semaphores. It is impracticable always to set such structures so far away as to leave no danger to one leaning out, and in dealing with a well known incident of the employment, adopted in the interest of the public and of the employees, it is unreasonable to throw the risks of it upon those who were compelled to adopt it.Page 403

The semaphore in this instance was four feet and ten inches at its base from the outer edge of the track and probably a little more at four feet above the top of the rail. An order of the South Carolina Railroad Commission, made, as it states, in consideration of the safety of the public and employees of the road and of the necessity for employees to give and receive signals, provides that no structure be allowed nearer than four feet from the outer edge of the main or side track, measurement being made four feet above the top of the rail. It will be seen that the Railroad Company in this case more than complied with the order. It is true that four feet was a minimum distance, but it satisfied the requirement of the Commission, and it would be going far to say that the Railroad Company was not warranted in supposing that it had done its duty, so far as the Commission was concerned, when it put the semaphore four feet and ten inches away. Marshall from his previous experience probably knew of the semaphore as he was required to do by the rules of the road. It was shown that some other semaphores were farther from the track, but the circumstances do not appear, and there is nothing to show that in this case the petitioner could have made the position safer than it was, except by changing the place of the track. As remarked inSouthern Pacific Co. v.Berkshire,254 U.S. 415,417, the question is not whether a reasonable insurance against such misfortunes should be thrown upon the travelling public through the railroads, but whether the railroad is liable under the statute according to the principles of the common law regarding tort. No negligence is proved against the petitioner. It is urged that a certiorari was denied inCentral of GeorgiaRy. Co. v.Davis,7 F.2d 269, which seemed to qualify the doctrine of theBerkshirecase. But "The denial of a writ of certiorari imports no expression of opinion upon the merits of thePage 404case, as the bar has been told many times."United Statesv.Carver,260 U.S. 482,490.Judgment reversed.