Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States

Southern Railway Co. v. Postal Telegraph-Cable Co.

S. Ry. Co. v. Postal Telegraph-Cable Co., 179 U.S. 641 (1901)

Type: Opinion
Court: Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction: Federal
Date: 1901-01-07
Topic: general

How later courts describe this case

“The case is not to be sent up in fragments____”

Citator

UpLaw has not yet analyzed Southern Railway Co. v. Postal Telegraph-Cable Co.. The absence of a flag is not a finding that it is good law.

Cited by: 26 opinions

Headnotes

Civil Procedure — Appellate Jurisdiction An order in a condemnation proceeding appointing commissioners to assess damages is interlocutory and not a final judgment; a writ of error does not lie until after final judgment disposing of the whole case and adjudicating all rights, whether of title or of damages, involved in the litigation, and the case may not be brought up in fragments by successive writs of error. 179 U.S. at 643 (quoting Luxton v. North River Bridge Co., 147 U.S. 337, 341)
Civil Procedure — Appellate Jurisdiction Where the highest court of a State has held that an order appointing commissioners in condemnation proceedings is not a final judgment and is not reviewable until after confirmation of the commissioners' award, that ruling governs the question of finality for purposes of federal appellate review. 179 U.S. at 644
Civil Procedure — Appellate Jurisdiction An appeal from an interlocutory order is premature and unauthorized; errors committed during the progress of the cause, preserved by exception, may be reviewed on appeal from the final judgment, and an appeal from the final judgment brings up all questions arising in the course of the proceeding without impairing any substantial right of the defendant. 179 U.S. at 645 (quoting American Union Telegraph Co. v. Wilmington, Columbia & Augusta Railroad Co., 83 N.C. 420, 421, and Hendrick v. Carolina Central Railroad Co., 98 N.C. 431, 432)
Civil Procedure — Appellate Jurisdiction Subsequent amendments to a condemnation statute that affect the mode of procedure and the basis for estimating damages do not affect the question whether the order appointing commissioners is a final judgment subject to immediate review. 179 U.S. at 646

SOUTHERN R'Y CO.v. POSTAL TELEGRAPH CO.,179 U.S. 641(1901)

21 S.Ct. 249

SOUTHERN RAILWAY COMPANYv. POSTAL TELEGRAPH-CABLE COMPANY.

ERROR TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT.

No. 64.

Argued November 2, 1900.

Decided January 7, 1901.

Luxtonv.North River Bridge Company,147 U.S. 337, is decisive of the question raised in this case whether a final judgment or order has been entered by the Circuit Court which could be taken by writ of error to the Circuit Court of Appeals. This court has jurisdiction to examine the proceedings in the Circuit Court of Appeals, and to reverse its order if its ruling is found erroneous, or the reverse if its ruling was correct.

THIS was a proceeding commenced by the Postal Telegraph-Cable

Company (hereinafter called the telegraph company) against the

Southern Railway Company (hereinafter called the railway company)

to acquire by condemnation the right to construct its telegraph

line along and over the railway company's right of way through

the State of North Carolina. The petition therefor was filed by

the telegraph company in the office of the clerk of the Superior

Court of Guilford County, North Carolina, on June 11, 1898. A

summons was issued requiring the railway company to appear before

the clerk of the Superior Court on June 22, 1898, and answer. On

that day the railway

Page 642

company entered a special appearance and filed a petition and

bond for the removal of the case to the United States Circuit

Court for the Western District of North Carolina. Sundry

proceedings were had in that court, such as a motion to remand,

which it is unnecessary to notice. On August 31, 1898, the

telegraph company by leave filed an amended petition. On

September 15, 1898, the court made an order by which it directed

its clerk to appoint three commissioners to assess damages, and

prescribed their powers and duties. On September 19, 1898, the

clerk appointed the commissioners as directed, and fixed the time

and place for their meeting, and on the same day issued a notice

to the railway company of his action. These orders were made on

the application of the telegraph company and without notice to

the railway company. Thereupon the railway company moved the

court to set aside its order of September 15, and for leave to

answer. On September 23 the court temporarily suspended the order

of September 15. On October 24 an answer was filed, a demurrer of

the telegraph company was sustained, and when the railway company

asked leave to introduce testimony sustaining the averments of

its answer the court overruled the application and refused to

permit the railway company to introduce testimony, and so far as

was needed reinstated its order of September 15, 1898. Before any

further proceedings and without waiting for the assessment of

damages by the commissioners and the confirmation of their award

by the court, a writ of error and supersedeas was obtained by the

railway company, and the case was transferred under such writ of

error to the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.

That court, on March 31, 1899, dismissed the writ of error for

want of jurisdiction, on the ground that no final order had been

entered in the Circuit Court. 35 C. C.A. 366. To review this

ruling this writ of error was sued out.

Mr. Addison HolladayandMr. Robert Stilesfor plaintiff in error.Mr. J.R. McIntoshfor defendant in error.Page 643

MR. JUSTICE BREWER delivered the opinion of the court.

The single question we deem it necessary to consider is whether a final judgment or order had been entered by the Circuit Court which could be taken by writ of error to the Circuit Court of Appeals.Luxtonv.North River Bridge Co.,147 U.S. 337,341, is decisive of this question. Indeed, little more seems necessary than a reference to the opinion in that case. There, as here, in condemnation proceedings, an order was made appointing commissioners to assess damages. To reverse this order a writ of error was sued out, and by that writ of error an attempt was made to challenge the constitutionality of the act authorizing the condemnation, but this court dismissed the writ on the ground that the order was not a final judgment, saying, after referring to possible proceedings in the state court, that the action of the United States Circuit Court could be reviewed here "only by writ of error, which does not lie until after final judgment, disposing of the whole case, and adjudicating all the rights, whether of title or of damages, involved in the litigation. The case is not to be sent up in fragments by successive writs of error. Act of September 24, 1789, c. 20, § 22;1 Stat. 84; Rev. Stat. § 691;Rutherfordv.Fisher, 4 Dall. 22;Holcombev.McKusick, 20 How. 552, 554;Louisiana Bankv.Whitney,121 U.S. 284;Keystone Co. v.Martin,132 U.S. 91;McGourkeyv.Toledo Ohio Railway,146 U.S. 536."

Reference is made by counsel toWheeling Belmont BridgeCo. v.Wheeling Bridge Co.,138 U.S. 287, in which this court sustained its jurisdiction of a writ of error to the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia, and inquired into the validity of a judgment of that court affirming an order of a trial court appointing commissioners under a somewhat similar statute. But that decision was based on the fact that the order of the trial court had been held by the state Supreme Court to be a final judgment, on which a writ of error would lie, and therefore, being a final judgment in the view of the highest court of the State, it ought to be considered final here for the purposes of review. But no such ruling obtains in the Supreme Court ofPage 644North Carolina. On the contrary, that court has repeatedly held that an order appointing commissioners in condemnation proceedings is not a final judgment, nor subject to review until after the confirmation of the award of the commissioners.American Union Telegraph Companyv.Wilmington, ColumbiaAugusta Railroad Company,83 N.C. 420, is a case directly in point. In that case a proceeding was commenced by a telegraph company to obtain a right of way for the construction and operation of its telegraph lines along the roadway of a railroad company, and, as shown by the opinion of the Supreme Court, at a hearing before the trial judge, he adjudged the telegraph company entitled to the right of way, and appointed commissioners to ascertain and report the damages. An attempt was made to take this order to the Supreme Court for review, but the right to do so was denied, the court saying (p. 421):

"Upon a careful examination of the statute, and the portions of the act of February 8, 1872, by reference incorporated with it, and regarding the policy indicated in both to favor the construction and early completion of such works of internal improvement, telegraphic being upon the same footing as railroad corporations, we are of opinion it was not intended in these enactments to arrest the proceeding authorized by them at any intermediate stage, and the appeal lies only from a final judgment. Then and not before may any error committed during the progress of the cause, and made the subject of exception at the time, be reviewed and corrected in the appellate court, and an appeal from an interlocutory order is premature and unauthorized."

InCommissionersv.Cook,86 N.C. 18, the same ruling was made and the prior case in terms affirmed. Again, inNorfolkSouthern Railroad Companyv.Warren,92 N.C. 620, the two prior cases were cited and approved. Still again, inHendrickv.Carolina Central Railroad Company,98 N.C. 431, the same ruling was made, although it appeared that the facts were all agreed upon, the court saying (p. 432):

"That the defendant broadly denies the plaintiff's alleged rights and grievances, and the parties agreed upon the facts, could not give the right of appeal at the present stage of thePage 645proceeding, because the order appealed from was nevertheless interlocutory, and an appeal from the final judgment would bring up all questions arising in the course of the proceeding, without denying or impairing any substantial rights of the defendant.

"The order appealed from is very different from that in the similar case ofClickv.The Railroad Co., decided at the present term; in the latter the court denied the motion for an order appointing commissioners, and dismissed the proceeding, thus putting an end to the right of the plaintiff therein, and therefore an appeal lay in that case."

The changes in the statute referred to by counsel for plaintiff in error, made subsequently to these decisions, may affect the mode of procedure and the basis for estimating damages, but in no manner affect the question as to the finality of the order appointing commissioners.

Neither does the order made by this court at the last term denying the defendant's motion to dismiss have any bearing on this question. That ruling determines simply our jurisdiction, not that of the Circuit Court of Appeals. That we have jurisdiction in such a case had already been adjudged.AztecMining Companyv.Ripley,151 U.S. 79. Having jurisdiction to examine the proceedings in the Circuit Court of Appeals, if we had found its ruling erroneous, we should have reversed its order dismissing the writ of error, but as we hold that its ruling was correct, its judgment isAffirmed.Page 646