Title 12 — Banks and Banking

Every section of Title 12 of the United States Code, banks and banking — 2,070 sections, full text, with the cases that cite each one.

• 12 U.S.C. § 265 — Insured banks as depositaries of public money; duties; security; discrimination between banks prohibited; repeal of inconsistent laws
• 12 U.S.C. § 266 — State-chartered banks and other institutions as depositaries of public money; fiscal agents; duties
• 12 U.S.C. § 281 — Capital
• 12 U.S.C. § 282 — Subscription to capital stock by national banking association
• 12 U.S.C. § 283 — Public subscription to capital stock
• 12 U.S.C. § 284 — Omitted
• 12 U.S.C. § 285 — Nonvoting stock
• 12 U.S.C. § 286 — Transfers of stock; rules and regulations
• 12 U.S.C. § 287 — Value of shares of stock; increase and decrease of stock; member banks as shareholders; surrender of shares
• 12 U.S.C. § 288 — Cancellation of stock held by member bank on insolvency or discontinuance of banking operations for sixty days; repayment of cash-paid subscriptions
• 12 U.S.C. § 289 — Dividends and surplus funds of reserve banks; transfer for fiscal year 2000
• 12 U.S.C. § 290 — Use of earnings transferred to the Treasury
• 12 U.S.C. § 301 — Powers and duties of board of directors; suspension of member bank for undue use of bank credit
• 12 U.S.C. § 302 — Number of members; classes
• 12 U.S.C. § 303 — Qualifications and disabilities
• 12 U.S.C. § 304 — Class A and class B directors; selection
• 12 U.S.C. § 305 — Class C directors; selection; “Federal reserve agent”
• 12 U.S.C. § 306 — Assistants to Federal reserve agent
• 12 U.S.C. § 307 — Compensation of directors
• 12 U.S.C. § 308 — Terms of directors; vacancies
• 12 U.S.C. § 321 — Application for membership
• 12 U.S.C. § 322 — Determination on application
• 12 U.S.C. § 323 — Stock in Federal reserve banks; method of payment
• 12 U.S.C. § 324 — Laws applicable on becoming members
• 12 U.S.C. § 325 — Examinations
• 12 U.S.C. § 326 — Acceptance of examinations and reports by State authorities; special examinations
• 12 U.S.C. § 327 — Surrender of stock and cancellation of memberships
• 12 U.S.C. § 328 — Withdrawals from membership
• 12 U.S.C. § 329 — Capital stock required as condition precedent to membership
• 12 U.S.C. § 329a — Omitted
• 12 U.S.C. § 330 — Laws applicable on becoming members; discounts for State banks
• 12 U.S.C. § 331 — Certifying checks on State banks admitted as members
• 12 U.S.C. § 332 — Depositaries of public money; financial agents; security required
• 12 U.S.C. § 333 — Mutual savings banks; application and admission to membership in Federal Reserve System
• 12 U.S.C. § 334 — Reports from affiliates; penalty for failure to furnish
• 12 U.S.C. § 335 — Dealing in investment securities; limitations and conditions
• 12 U.S.C. § 336 — Certificates of stock; representation of stock of other corporations
• 12 U.S.C. § 337 — Repealed. Pub. L. 89–485, § 13(g), July 1, 1966, 80 Stat. 243
• 12 U.S.C. § 338 — Examination of affiliates; forfeiture of membership on refusal of affiliate to give information or pay expense
• 12 U.S.C. § 338a — Investments to promote public welfare and community development; limitation on investments
• 12 U.S.C. § 339 — Participation by State member banks in lotteries and related activities
• 12 U.S.C. § 339a — Resolution of clearing banks
• 12 U.S.C. § 341 — General enumeration of powers
• 12 U.S.C. § 342 — Deposits; exchange and collection; member and nonmember banks or other depository institutions; charges
• 12 U.S.C. § 343 — Discount of obligations arising out of actual commercial transactions
• 12 U.S.C. § 344 — Discount or purchase of bills to finance agricultural shipments
• 12 U.S.C. § 345 — Rediscount of notes, drafts, and bills for member banks; limitation of amount
• 12 U.S.C. § 346 — Discount of acceptances
• 12 U.S.C. § 347 — Advances to member banks on their notes
• 12 U.S.C. § 347a — Advances to member bank groups; inadequate amounts of eligible and acceptable assets; liability of individual banks in group; distribution of loans among banks of group; rate of interest; notes accepted for advances as collateral security for Federal reserve notes; foreign obligations as security for advances
• 12 U.S.C. § 347b — Advances to individual member banks on time or demand notes; maturities; time notes secured by mortgage loans covering one-to-four family residences
• 12 U.S.C. § 347c — Advances to individuals, partnerships, and corporations; security; interest rate
• 12 U.S.C. § 347d — Transactions between Federal Reserve banks and branch or agency of foreign bank; matters considered
• 12 U.S.C. § 348 — Discount of obligations given for agricultural purposes or based upon livestock; collateral security for Federal reserve notes
• 12 U.S.C. § 348a — Transactions with foreign banks; supervision of Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
• 12 U.S.C. § 349 — Rediscount for intermediate credit banks of obligations given for agricultural purposes; discount of notes made pursuant to section 1031
• 12 U.S.C. § 350 — Purchase and sale of debentures and like obligations of intermediate credit banks and agricultural credit corporations
• 12 U.S.C. § 351 — Obligations of cooperative marketing association as issued or drawn for agricultural purposes
• 12 U.S.C. § 352 — Limitation on amount of obligations of certain maturities which may be discounted and rediscounted
• 12 U.S.C. § 352a — Repealed. Pub. L. 85–699, title VI, § 601, Aug. 21, 1958, 72 Stat. 697
• 12 U.S.C. § 353 — Purchase and sale of cable transfers, acceptances and bills
• 12 U.S.C. § 354 — Transactions involving gold coin, bullion, and certificates
• 12 U.S.C. § 355 — Purchase and sale of obligations of National, State, and municipal governments; open market operations; purchases and sales from or to United States; maximum aggregate amount of obligations acquired directly from or loaned directly to United States
• 12 U.S.C. § 356 — Purchase of commercial paper from member banks and sale of same
• 12 U.S.C. § 357 — Establishment of rates of discount
• 12 U.S.C. § 358 — Establishment of accounts for purposes of open-market operations; correspondents and agencies
• 12 U.S.C. § 359 — Purchase and sale of acceptances of intermediate credit banks and agricultural credit corporations
• 12 U.S.C. § 359a — Omitted
• 12 U.S.C. § 360 — Receiving checks and drafts on deposit at par; charges for collections, exchange, and clearances
• 12 U.S.C. § 361 — Bills receivable, bills of exchange, acceptances; regulations by Board of Governors
• 12 U.S.C. § 362...364 — Omitted
• 12 U.S.C. § 371 — Real estate loans
• 12 U.S.C. § 371a — Repealed. Pub. L. 111–203, title VI, § 627(a)(1), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1640
• 12 U.S.C. § 371b — Rate of interest on time deposits; payment of time deposits before maturity; waiver of notice requirements for withdrawal of savings deposits
• 12 U.S.C. § 371b–1 — Repealed. Pub. L. 96–221, title V, § 529, Mar. 31, 1980, 94 Stat. 168
• 12 U.S.C. § 371b–2 — Interbank liabilities
• 12 U.S.C. § 371c — Banking affiliates
• 12 U.S.C. § 371c–1 — Restrictions on transactions with affiliates
• 12 U.S.C. § 371d — Investment in bank premises or stock of corporation holding premises
• 12 U.S.C. § 372 — Bankers’ acceptances
• 12 U.S.C. § 373 — Acceptance of drafts or bills drawn by banks in foreign countries or dependencies of United States for purpose of dollar exchange
• 12 U.S.C. § 374 — Acting as agent for nonmember bank in getting discounts from reserve bank
• 12 U.S.C. § 374a — Acting as agent for nonbanking borrower in making loans on securities to dealers in stocks, bonds, etc.; penalties
• 12 U.S.C. § 375 — [Reserved]
• 12 U.S.C. § 375a — Loans to executive officers of banks
• 12 U.S.C. § 375b — Extensions of credit to executive officers, directors, and principal shareholders of member banks
• 12 U.S.C. § 376 — Rate of interest paid to directors, etc.
• 12 U.S.C. § 377 — Repealed. Pub. L. 106–102, title I, § 101(a), Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1341
• 12 U.S.C. § 378 — Dealers in securities engaging in banking business; individuals or associations engaging in banking business; examinations and reports; penalties
• 12 U.S.C. § 391 — Federal reserve banks as Government depositaries and fiscal agents
• 12 U.S.C. § 391a — Reimbursement of Federal Reserve Banks
• 12 U.S.C. § 392 — Depositaries of Government funds as confined to banks in Federal reserve system; member banks as depositaries
• 12 U.S.C. § 393 — Federal reserve banks as depositaries for Farm Credit System
• 12 U.S.C. § 394 — Federal reserve banks as depositaries for and fiscal agents of Home Owners’ Loan Corporation
• 12 U.S.C. § 395 — Federal reserve banks as depositaries, custodians and fiscal agents for Commodity Credit Corporation
• 12 U.S.C. § 411 — Issuance to reserve banks; nature of obligation; redemption
• 12 U.S.C. § 412 — Application for notes; collateral required
• 12 U.S.C. § 413 — Distinctive letter and serial number of notes; cancellation of notes unfit for circulation; accounting; apportionment of credit among Federal Reserve banks
• 12 U.S.C. § 414 — Authority of Board of Governors respecting issuance of notes; interest; lien
• 12 U.S.C. § 415 — Reduction of liability for outstanding notes by depositing notes and collateral and payment of notes of series prior to 1928; reissue of deposited notes
• 12 U.S.C. § 416 — Withdrawal of collateral deposited to protect notes and substitution of other collateral; retirement of notes; payment of notes of series prior to 1928; recovery of collateral; reissue of deposited notes
• 12 U.S.C. § 417 — Custody and safe-keeping of notes issued to and collateral deposited with Reserve agent
• 12 U.S.C. § 418 — Printing of notes; denomination and form
• 12 U.S.C. § 419 — Delivery of notes prior to delivery to banks
• 12 U.S.C. § 420 — Control and direction of plates and dies; expense of issue and retirement of notes paid by banks
• 12 U.S.C. § 421 — Examination of plates and dies
• 12 U.S.C. § 422 — Omitted
• 12 U.S.C. § 423 — Central bank digital currency
• 12 U.S.C. § 441...448 — Omitted
• 12 U.S.C. § 461 — Reserve requirements
• 12 U.S.C. § 462 — Omitted
• 12 U.S.C. § 462a — Repealed. Pub. L. 97–258, § 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068
• 12 U.S.C. § 462a–1 — Repealed. Pub. L. 89–597, § 2(d), Sept. 21, 1966, 80 Stat. 824
• 12 U.S.C. § 463 — Limitation on amount of balance with any depository institution without access to Federal Reserve advances
• 12 U.S.C. § 464 — Checking against and withdrawal of reserve balance
• 12 U.S.C. § 465 — Basis for ascertaining deposits against which required balance is determined
• 12 U.S.C. § 466 — Reserves of banks in dependencies or insular possessions
• 12 U.S.C. § 467 — Deposits of gold coin, gold certificates, and Special Drawing Right certificates with United States Treasurer
• 12 U.S.C. § 481 — Appointment of examiners; examination of member banks, State banks, and trust companies; reports
• 12 U.S.C. § 482 — Employees of Office of Comptroller of the Currency; appointment; compensation and benefits
• 12 U.S.C. § 483 — Special examination of member banks; information of condition furnished to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
• 12 U.S.C. § 484 — Limitation on visitorial powers
• 12 U.S.C. § 485 — Examination of Federal reserve banks
• 12 U.S.C. § 486 — Waiver of requirements as to reports from or examinations of affiliates
• 12 U.S.C. § 501 — Liability of Federal reserve or member bank for certifying check when amount of deposit was inadequate
• 12 U.S.C. § 501a — Forfeiture of franchise of national banks for failure to comply with provisions of this chapter
• 12 U.S.C. § 502 — Liability of shareholders of Federal reserve banks on contracts, etc.
• 12 U.S.C. § 503 — Liability of directors and officers of member banks
• 12 U.S.C. § 504 — Civil money penalty
• 12 U.S.C. § 505 — Civil money penalty
• 12 U.S.C. § 506 — Notice after separation from service
• 12 U.S.C. § 521 — Reserve-bank branches; establishment; directors; discontinuance of branches; approval for erection of branch bank building
• 12 U.S.C. § 522 — Federal Reserve branch bank buildings
• 12 U.S.C. § 531 — Exemption from taxation
• 12 U.S.C. § 541 — Tax on circulating notes generally
• 12 U.S.C. § 542 — Omitted
• 12 U.S.C. § 543 — Repealed. Pub. L. 97–258, § 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068
• 12 U.S.C. § 544...547 — Omitted
• 12 U.S.C. § 548 — State taxation
• 12 U.S.C. § 561...570 — Omitted
• 12 U.S.C. § 581 — Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948
• 12 U.S.C. § 582 — Receipt of United States or bank notes as collateral
• 12 U.S.C. § 583...588d — Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948
• 12 U.S.C. § 583_to_588d — Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948
• 12 U.S.C. § 591...599 — Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948
• 12 U.S.C. § 591_to_599 — Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, §21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948
• 12 U.S.C. § 601 — Authorization; conditions and regulations
• 12 U.S.C. § 602 — Reports and examinations
• 12 U.S.C. § 603 — Restrictions imposed by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on banks purchasing stock in corporations doing foreign business
• 12 U.S.C. § 604 — Accounts of foreign branches; profit and loss
• 12 U.S.C. § 604a — Regulations authorizing exercise by foreign branches of usual powers of local banks; restrictions
• 12 U.S.C. § 605 — Repealed. Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, § 329, 49 Stat. 717
• 12 U.S.C. § 611 — Formation authorized; fiscal agents; depositaries in insular possessions
• 12 U.S.C. § 611a — Statement of purposes; rules and regulations
• 12 U.S.C. § 612 — Articles of association; contents
• 12 U.S.C. § 613 — Signing of articles of association; forwarding to and filing by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; organization certificate; contents
• 12 U.S.C. § 614 — Organization certificate; acknowledgment; forwarding to, filing, and approval by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; permit to do business; body corporate; name; seal; corporate succession; contracts; suits; directors, officers, and employees; bylaws
• 12 U.S.C. § 615 — Powers of corporation
• 12 U.S.C. § 616 — Place of carrying on business; when business may be begun
• 12 U.S.C. § 617 — Engaging in commerce or trade in commodities; price fixing; forfeiture of charter; acts forbidden to directors, officers, agents, or employees
• 12 U.S.C. § 618 — Capital stock; amount; when paid in
• 12 U.S.C. § 619 — Capital stock; by whom held; ownership of capital stock by foreign bank
• 12 U.S.C. § 620 — Members of Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System without interest in corporation
• 12 U.S.C. § 621 — Liability of shareholders on unpaid subscriptions; membership of corporation in Federal reserve bank prohibited
• 12 U.S.C. § 622 — Forfeiture of rights and privileges; dissolution; liability of directors and officers
• 12 U.S.C. § 623 — Voluntary liquidation
• 12 U.S.C. § 624 — Appointment of receiver or conservator
• 12 U.S.C. § 625 — Stockholders’ meetings; books and records; reports; examination
• 12 U.S.C. § 626 — Dividends; surplus fund
• 12 U.S.C. § 627 — State taxation
• 12 U.S.C. § 628 — Extension of corporate existence
• 12 U.S.C. § 629 — Conversion of banking corporations into Federal corporations; procedure
• 12 U.S.C. § 630 — Offenses by officers of corporation; punishment
• 12 U.S.C. § 631 — False representations as to liability of United States for acts of corporation; punishment
• 12 U.S.C. § 632 — Jurisdiction of United States courts; disposition by banks of foreign owned property
• 12 U.S.C. § 633 — Potential liability on foreign accounts
• 12 U.S.C. § 635 — Powers and functions of Bank
• 12 U.S.C. § 635a — Management of Bank
• 12 U.S.C. § 635a–1 — Export credit competition
• 12 U.S.C. § 635a–2 — Implementation of regulations and procedures to lessen adverse effect of loans and guarantees on industries in United States; report by United States International Trade Commission; written consideration of views of adversely affected parties
• 12 U.S.C. § 635a–3 — Export-Import Bank financing to match foreign financing
• 12 U.S.C. § 635a–4 — Guarantees for export accounts receivable and inventory
• 12 U.S.C. § 635a–5 — Negotiations to end export credit financing
• 12 U.S.C. § 635a–6 — Periodic audits of bank transactions
• 12 U.S.C. § 635a–7 — Independent audit of bank portfolio
• 12 U.S.C. § 635b — Capitalization of Bank; method of capital stock payments; public-debt transactions; issuance of stock certificates
• 12 U.S.C. § 635c — Repealed. Pub. L. 102–429, title I, § 121(c)(1), Oct. 21, 1992, 106 Stat. 2199
• 12 U.S.C. § 635d — Issuance of debentures, bonds, etc.; obligations redeemable; payment of interest; obligations purchasable by Secretary of the Treasury; public-debt transactions
• 12 U.S.C. § 635e — Aggregate loan, guarantee, and insurance authority
• 12 U.S.C. § 635f — Termination date of Bank’s functions; exceptions; liquidation
• 12 U.S.C. § 635g — Report to Congress; time for submission; contents
• 12 U.S.C. § 635g–1 — Annual competitiveness report
• 12 U.S.C. § 635h — Exemption from prohibition of section 955 of title 18
• 12 U.S.C. § 635i...635i–2 — Repealed. Pub. L. 102–429, title I, § 121(c)(1), Oct. 21, 1992, 106 Stat. 2199
• 12 U.S.C. § 635i_to_635i-2 — Repealed. Pub. L. 102–429, title I, §121(c)(1), Oct. 21, 1992, 106 Stat. 2199
• 12 U.S.C. § 635i–3 — Tied Aid Credit Fund and program
• 12 U.S.C. § 635i–4 — Repealed. Pub. L. 102–429, title I, § 121(c)(1), Oct. 21, 1992, 106 Stat. 2199
• 12 U.S.C. § 635i–5 — Environmental policy and procedures
• 12 U.S.C. § 635i–6 — Debt reduction; Enterprise for the Americas Initiative
• 12 U.S.C. § 635i–7 — Cooperation on export financing programs