Opinion · Supreme Court of Virginia
Covil v. Com.
268 Va. 692
- Type
- Opinion
- Court
- Supreme Court of Virginia
- Jurisdiction
- Virginia
- Date
- 2004-11-05
- Topic
- litigation
How later courts describe this case
- noting that “[a] false or evasive account is a circumstance, similar to flight from a crime scene, that a fact-finder may properly consider as evidence of guilty knowledge”
- finding “[a] false or evasive account is a circumstance ... the fact-finder may properly consider as evidence of guilty knowledge”
- finding sufficient evidence of knowledge based on the defendant’s failure to disclaim the drugs outright
- finding evidence sufficient to support larceny conviction based on presumption of guilty knowledge flowing from defendant’s possession of recently stolen goods in light of trial court’s rejection of defendant’s innocent explanation for that possession
- "false or evasive account is a circumstance, similar to flight from a crime scene, that a fact-finder may properly consider as evidence of guilty knowledge"
- "A false or evasive account is a circumstance, similar to flight from a crime scene, that a fact-finder may properly consider as evidence of guilty knowledge."
- “A false or evasive account is a circumstance . . . that a fact-finder may properly consider as evidence of guilty knowledge.”
- “A[n] . . . evasive account is a circumstance, similar to flight from a crime scene, that a fact-finder may properly consider as evidence of guilty knowledge.”
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COVIL v. COMMONWEALTH,268 Va. 692(2004)
DEMETRIUS COVIL v. COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA.
Record No. 040036.
Supreme Court of Virginia.
November 5, 2004.
Present: Hassell, C.J., Lacy, Keenan, Koontz, Lemons, and Agee, JJ., and Russell, S.J.
1. Virginia law makes the crime of receiving stolen goods a species of larceny.
2. Code §18.2-108, like its statutory predecessors, provides that if any person buys or receives, or aids in concealing any stolen goods, knowing the same to have been stolen, he shall be deemed guilty of larceny thereof, and may be proceeded against, although the principal offender be not convicted.
3. A person indicted for simple larceny may be tried, convicted and punished for that offense merely upon proof that property was stolen by some other person and received by the accused, knowing it to have been stolen.
4. In the present case, it is undisputed that the property was stolen by another person, that its value was sufficient to meet the requirements of grand larceny under Code §18.2-95, and that defendant received the property and had it in his exclusive possession on the second day after the theft. Thus, the dispositive question is whether the Commonwealth's evidence was sufficient to support a finding of guilty knowledge on his part.
5. An essential element of the offense of receiving stolen property is guilty knowledge. The element of guilty knowledge may be supplied by circumstantial evidencePage 693including the circumstance that the accused was inpossession of recently stolen property.
6. Another circumstance proper for consideration by the trier of fact is the explanation, or lack of it, given by the accused. Because proof of possession of recently stolen goods establishes a prima facie case that the defendant received them with guilty knowledge, the burden is cast upon him to go forward with evidence in explanation.
7. Defendant was not required to testify but he voluntarily did so and gave an account that the trier of fact rejected as inherently incredible. The inference of guilty knowledge arising from an accused's possession of recently stolen property may be repelled by a credible explanation, but the trier of fact is under no obligation to accept an account it finds unworthy of belief.
8. In cases of this kind, when a defendant's "hypothesis of innocence" is rejected as unreasonable, evidence of his possession of recently stolen goods is sufficient to support a conviction.
9. Further, a fact-finder, having rejected a defendant's attempted explanation as untrue, may draw the reasonable inference that his explanation was made falsely in an effort to conceal his guilt. A false or evasive account is a circumstance, similar to flight from a crime scene, that a fact-finder may properly consider as evidence of guilty knowledge.
10. Because these circumstances were properly considered by the trial court and were sufficient to support the conviction, the decision of the Court of Appeals upholding the conviction is affirmed.
On April 8, 2002, Tanya M. Bray rented a red Oldsmobile Alero from a car rental company in Virginia Beach. On the 14th of that month, she left her workplace in Portsmouth at approximately 7:30Page 694a.m., entered the rental car and started the engine. A man unknown to her approached the car and took it from her at gunpoint.
Two days later, at 6:10 p.m., Detective T. McAndrew of the Portsmouth police was on routine patrol when he saw Demetrius Covil, whom he knew from previous encounters, driving a red Alero eastbound on Duke Street. Knowing that Covil's driver's permit was suspended, McAndrew followed him. Covil made a right turn and then stopped voluntarily. Learning that the Alero had been reported stolen, McAndrew arrested Covil and charged him with grand larceny of the vehicle. Covil was subsequently indicted for that offense under Code §18.2-95, tried at a bench trial, and was convicted.
Tanya Bray was unable to identify the original thief from a photo lineup that included Covil's picture and testified at trial that Covil "doesn't look like him". She stated on cross-examination that she had never seen Covil before. In oral argument at the bar of this Court, the Attorney General conceded that Covil was not the person who took the Alero from Tanya Bray on April 14th.
Covil, a convicted felon, testified at trial that he had asked a friend of his mother to find him a rental car in which he and his girlfriend could drive to King's Dominion "on Saturday." As a result of this contact, he testified, two men unknown to him came up to him and gave him the keys to the Alero in exchange for $50.00. He further testified that he did not know the way to King's Dominion, but was relying on another friend, named "Twin," who was "locked up" at the time of trial, to drive him there. Covil did not give the date of this transaction, but April 16, 2002, the date on which he was arrested in possession of the stolen car, fell on a Tuesday.
At the conclusion of the bench trial, the court found Covil's testimony incredible, stating, "I just don't believe his story. I think it's got too many holes in it". Covil was convicted of grand larceny and sentenced to one year and seven months incarceration. The Court of Appeals, in an unpublished opinion, affirmed the conviction.
[1-2] For well over a century, Virginia law has made the crime of receiving stolen goods a species of larceny. Code §18.2-108, like its statutory predecessors, provides:
If any person buy or receive from another person, or aid in concealing, any stolen goods or other thing, knowing the same to have been stolen, he shall be deemed guilty of larceny thereof, and may be proceeded against, although the principal offender be not convicted.Page 695
[3-4] We have therefore long held that a person indicted for simple larceny may be tried, convicted and punished for that offense merely upon proof that property was stolen by some other person and received by the accused, knowing it to have been stolen.Stapleton v. Commonwealth,140 Va. 475,488,124 S.E. 237,241(1924);Price v. Commonwealth, 62 Va. (21 Gratt.) 846, 853 (1872).fn*In the present case, it is undisputed that the property was stolen by another person, that its value was sufficient to meet the requirements of grand larceny under Code §18.2-95, and that Covil received the property and had it in his exclusive possession on the second day after the theft. Thus, the dispositive question is whether the Commonwealth's evidence was sufficient to support a finding of guilty knowledge on Covil's part. Stated differently, if the case were tried to a jury, would the evidence have been sufficient to submit to the jury the factual issue whether Covil knew the car was stolen property?
[5] InRoberts v. Commonwealth,230 Va. 264,270,337 S.E.2d 255,259(1985), we said:
It is true, of course, that an essential element of the offense of receiving stolen property is guilty knowledge. It is also true that no witness testified directly that the defendant knew the property in question was stolen. But the element of guilty knowledge may be supplied by circumstantial evidence,including the circumstance that the accused was inpossession of recently stolen property.
(Citations omitted) (emphasis added).
[6] Another circumstance proper for consideration by the trier of fact is the explanation, or lack of it, given by the accused. Because proof of possession of recently stolen goods establishes a prima facie case that the defendant received them with guilty knowledge, the burden is cast upon him to go forward with evidence in explanation.Roberts,230 Va. at 271,337 S.E.2d at 260.
[7-10] Covil was not, of course, required to testify but he voluntarily did so and gave an account that the trier of fact rejected as inherently incredible. The inference of guilty knowledge arising from an accused's possession of recently stolen property may be repelledPage 696by a credible explanation, but the trier of fact is under no obligation to accept an account it finds unworthy of belief. In cases of this kind, when a defendant's "hypothesis of innocence" is rejected as unreasonable, evidence of his possession of recently stolen goods is sufficient to support a conviction.Roberts,230 Va. at 272,337 S.E.2d at 260;Westcott v.Commonwealth,216 Va. 123,127,216 S.E.2d 60,64(1975). Further, a fact-finder, having rejected a defendant's attempted explanation as untrue, may draw the reasonable inference that his explanation was made falsely in an effort to conceal his guilt.Emmett v. Commonwealth,264 Va. 364,372,569 S.E.2d 39,45(2002),cert. denied,538 U.S. 929(2003);Carter v.Commonwealth,223 Va. 528,532,290 S.E.2d 865,867(1982);Toler v. Commonwealth,188 Va. 774,782,51 S.E.2d 210,214(1949). A false or evasive account is a circumstance, similar to flight from a crime scene, that a fact-finder may properly consider as evidence of guilty knowledge.
Because these circumstances were properly considered by the trial court and were sufficient to support the conviction, we will affirm the decision of the Court of Appeals.Affirmed.Page 697