Rein v. Pan American World Airways, Inc.

How later courts describe this case

• holding that a court may deny leave to amend a complaint and dismiss a case with prejudice if any amendment would be futile
• involving an SS officer who guarded a concentration camp and escorted inmates to and from forced labor sites
• Employee discharged for refusing to participate in cover-up of illegal scheme lacked standing to recover under § 1962(a) and (c).
• member of Death’s Head Battalion who served as an armed, uniformed guard at Sachsenhau-sen concentration camp patrolling outside camp gates and escorting prisoners to and from work sites with orders to shoot assisted in persecution under the Act
• City employee’s testimony before legislative panel is protected First Amendment activity
• reviewing history of punitive damages