Marroquin-Manriguez v. Immigration & Naturalization Service

holding that the scope or conduct of discovery is within the sound discretion of the district court | allowing equitable tolling where an employer had brought a non-frivolous constitutional challenge to the MPPAA on an issue not previously decided | allowing equitable tolling where an employer had brought a non-frivolous constitutional challenge to the MPPAA on an issue not previously decided | "The Court's method of analysis in Turner Elkhorn Mining represents a fundamental shift from that employed in Alton Railroad." | a district court has broad discretion in determining the manner in which discovery is conducted. | the scope and conduct of discovery are within the sound discretion of the trial court | availability of information under FOIA would undercut the showing of need necessary under 8 C.F.R. § 287.4(a)(2) | “MPPAA ... protects the interlocking interests of the PBGC, the premium payers, the withdrawing employers and the vested employees.” | law prohibiting local liquor advertising directly advances government’s interest in discouraging liquor consumption despite fact that residents are exposed to liquor advertising from out-of-state sources | “Congress may require arbitration so long as fair procedures are provided and ultimate judicial review is available” | law prohibiting local liquor advertising directly advances government's interest in discouraging liquor consumption despite fact that residents are exposed to liquor advertising from out-of-state sources | “The Court’s method of analysis in Turner Elkhorn Mining represents a fundamental shift from that employed in Alton Railroad.” | a district court has broad discretion in determining the manner in which discovery is conducted. | “The Court’s method of analysis in Turner Elkhorn Mining represents a fundamental shift from that employed in Alton Railroad.” | delegation of adjudicatory authority to impartial arbitrator assures due process under MPPAA arbitral provisions | “We hold that sufficient reason exists to believe that advertising and consumption are linked to justify the ban [on local liquor advertising], whether or not ‘concrete scientific evidence’ exists to that effect.” | appeals court upholds constitutionality of MPPAA without expressly addressing the specific issues we consider here, the role of the pension plan trustees and the presumptions supporting their actions, although the district court did consider the trustees' role | appeals court upholds constitutionality of MPPAA without expressly addressing the specific issues we consider here, the role of the pension plan trustees and the presumptions supporting their actions, although the district court did consider the trustees' role | MPPAA does not unconstitutionally impair private contract rights | Contracts Clause does not apply to federal government