Keplinger v. United States

“where the witness appears to be equally available or unavailable to both sides, we think it is well within the district court’s discretion to refuse to allow such argument.” | attorneys representing corporation had no attorney-client relationship with individual employees, where “no express agreement for individual representation was made” and where employees never asked attorney directly or indirectly to represent them | “When an indictment contains all the essential elements of the charged offense, the accused may obtain the factual proof supporting the charge, if vital to his defense, by a motion for a bill of particulars. ” | “It requires no extended discussion of authority to demonstrate that omissions or concealment or material information can constitute fraud cognizable under the mail fraud statute, without proof of a duty to disclose the information pursuant to a specific statute or regulation.” | proof of “invariable” office custom not required