Hurwitz v. United States

upholding the Department of Justice’s random drug testing plan for employees holding top secret national security clearances | distinguishing random drug-testing program from one limited to single preemployment test | “evidence of a nationwide drug problem cannot be generalized to subject innocent and hardworking federal employees to urinalysis” | under Young, prison officials not immune from suit alleging violations of federal constitution and federal statutes | “Joint action ... requires a substantial degree of cooperative action.” | random testing of Justice Department employees with “top secret” clearance | random testing of Justice Department employees with "top secret" clearance