Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States

Freeport-McMoRan Inc. v. K N Energy, Inc.

Freeport-McMoRan Inc. v. K N Energy, Inc., 498 U.S. 426 (1991)

Type
Opinion
Court
Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction
Federal
Date
1991-02-19
Topic
general

How later courts describe this case

  • holding that diversity jurisdiction is assessed as of the time at which the suit is filed
  • holding that later addition of nondiverse plaintiff did not destroy diversity jurisdiction if it was present when action was commenced
  • holding that substitution of non-diverse defendant under Rule 25 did not destroy diversity jurisdiction
  • noting that “[w]e have consistently held that if jurisdiction exists at the time an action is commenced, such jurisdiction may not be divested by subsequent events”
  • stating that in a removed case, “it is clear the relevant time period for determining the existence of complete diversity is the time of the filing of the complaint” in state court
  • using this reasoning to support the rule that diversity jurisdiction, once established, is not defeated by the addition of a non-diverse party
  • “[N]othing in Carden suggests any change in the well-established rule that diversity of citizenship is assessed at the time the action is filed.”
  • noting the Supreme Court has “consistently held that if jurisdiction exists at the time an action is commenced, such jurisdiction may not be divested by subsequent events”

Citator

UpLaw has not yet analyzed Freeport-McMoRan Inc. v. K N Energy, Inc.. The absence of a flag is not a finding that it is good law.

Cited by
509 opinions

Headnotes

  1. Civil Procedure — Diversity Jurisdiction Diversity jurisdiction is determined as of the time an action is commenced; if jurisdiction exists at that time, it may not be divested by subsequent events, including the later addition of a nondiverse party to the action. 498 U.S. 426, 428
  2. Civil Procedure — Diversity Jurisdiction The addition of a nondiverse party after a diversity action has commenced does not defeat jurisdiction that was properly established at the outset, and such a rule is not required to serve the purposes of diversity jurisdiction; a contrary rule could deter normal business transactions during the pendency of what might be lengthy litigation. 498 U.S. 426, 428-429
  3. Civil Procedure — Diversity Jurisdiction Carden v. Arkoma Associates, which addressed whether the citizenship of limited partners must be considered in determining diversity jurisdiction in an action brought by a limited partnership, does not alter the rule that diversity of citizenship is assessed at the time the action is filed. 498 U.S. 426, 428
  4. Civil Procedure — Diversity Jurisdiction Owen Equipment & Erection Co. v. Kroger, holding that a district court's ancillary jurisdiction did not extend to a claim by an original plaintiff against a nondiverse third-party defendant impleaded by the original defendant, does not disturb the principle that diversity jurisdiction is assessed at the time the lawsuit is commenced. 498 U.S. 426, 429
FREEPORT-McMORAN INC. v. K N ENERGY, INC.,498 U.S. 426(1991)
111 S.Ct. 858
FREEPORT-McMORAN, INC.v. K N ENERGY, INC.
ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
No. 90-655
Decided February 19, 1991
In a diversity action filed in the Federal District Court, petitioners McMoRan Oil and Gas Company (McMoRan) and Freeport-McMoRan Inc., both Delaware corporations, alleged that respondent K N Energy, Inc., a Kansas corporation with its principal place of business in Colorado, had failed to pay the parties' contract price for natural gas. After suit was filed, McMoRan transferred its interest in the contract to FMP Operating Company (FMPO), a limited partnership. whose partners included citizens of Kansas and Colorado. The District Court permitted petitioners to add FMPO as a plaintiff and ruled in petitioners' favor. The Court of Appeals reversed and directed that the suit be dismissed for want of jurisdiction, holding that, underCardenv.ArkomaAssociates,494 U.S. 185, the addition of FMPO destroyed diversity jurisdiction.Held:Diversity jurisdiction, once established, is not defeated by the addition of a nondiverse party to the action.Cardenconsidered whether limited partners' citizenship must be taken into account in determining whether diversity jurisdiction exists in an action brought by a limited partnership, but suggested nothing to change the well-established rule that, if jurisdiction exists at the time an action is commenced, it may not be divested by subsequent events, see,e.g., Mollanv.Torrance, 9 Wheat. 537. The opinions of both the District Court and the Court of Appeals establish that the parties were diverse at the time the action arose and at the time the proceedings commenced. This Court's decision inOwen Equipment Erection Co. v.Kroger,437 U.S. 365— that a District Court's ancillary jurisdiction did not extend to the entertaining of a claim by an original plaintiff in a diversity action against a nondiverse third-party defendant impleaded by the original defendant — also casts no doubt on the principle that diversity jurisdiction is to be assessed at the time a lawsuit is commenced.

Certiorari granted;907 F.2d 1022, reversed.
PER CURIAM.
Petitioners seek review of a decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, holding that a FederalPage 427District Court lacked jurisdiction to entertain their diversity action because they added a nondiverse party after filing their complaint. We grant certiorari and reverse the decision of the Court of Appeals.

Petitioners, McMoRan Oil and Gas Company (McMoRan) and its parent company, FreePort-McMoRan, Inc. (Freeport), sued respondent K N Energy, Inc., (K N) for breach of contract in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. Petitioners claimed that respondent had failed to pay the price for natural gas agreed upon in their contract, and sought both declaratory relief to establish the contract price and damages for past underpayments. Petitioners based federal jurisdiction upon diversity of citizenship. At all times up to and including the filing of the complaint, Freeport and McMoRan were Delaware Corporations with their principal places of business in Louisiana. K N was and is a Kansas corporation with its principal place of business in Colorado.

After suit was filed, petitioner McMoRan transferred its interest in the contract with respondent to a limited partnership, FMP Operating Company (FMPO), for business reasons unrelated to the instant litigation. FMPO's limited partners included citizens of Kansas and Colorado. Accordingly, before trial commenced, petitioners sought leave to amend their complaint to substitute FMPO as a plaintiff under Rule25(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The District Court permitted petitioners to add FMPO as a party but did not remove McMoRan as a party. After a bench trial, the District Court held in favor of petitioners, and respondent appealed. The Court of Appeals reversed, and directed that the suit be dismissed for want of jurisdiction. The court held that "although complete diversity was present when the complaint was filed," the addition of FMPO as a plaintiff destroyed jurisdiction.907 F.2d 1022,1024(1990). The court based its holding upon our decision inCardenv.Arkoma Associates,494 U.S. 185(1990). ThePage 428court explained that "Cardenestablishes that [FMPO's] addition as the real party in interest destroys the district court's diversity jurisdiction."907 F.2d, at 1025.

Our decision last term inCardenconsidered whether the citizenship of limited partners must be taken into account in determining whether diversity jurisdiction exists in an action brought by a limited partnership. The original plaintiff inCardenwas the limited partnership; diversity jurisdiction, then, depended upon whether complete diversity of citizenship existed at the time the action was commenced. But nothing inCardensuggests any change in the well established rule that diversity of citizenship is assessed at the time the action is filed. We have consistently held that if jurisdiction exists at the time an action is commenced, such jurisdiction may not be divested by subsequent events.Mollanv.Torrance, 9 Wheat. 537;Clarkev.Mathewson, 12 Pet. 164, 171 (1838);Wichita Railroad LightCo. v.Public Util. Comm'n of Kansas,260 U.S. 48,54(1922) ("Jurisdiction once acquired . . . is not divested by a subsequent change in the citizenship of the parties. Much less is such jurisdiction defeated by the intervention, by leave of the court, of a party whose presence is not essential to a decision of the controversy between the original parties" (citations omitted)).

The opinions of the District Court and the Court of Appeals establish that the plaintiffs and defendants were diverse at the time the breach-of-contract action arose and at the time that federal proceedings commenced. The opinions also confirm that FMPO was not an "indispensable" party at the time the complaint was filed; in fact, it had no interest whatsoever in the outcome of the litigation until sometime after suit was commenced. Our cases require no more than this. Diversity jurisdiction, once established, is not defeated by the addition of a nondiverse party to the action. A contrary rule could well have the effect of deterring normal business transactions during the pendency of what might be lengthy litigation.Page 429Such a rule is not in any way required to accomplish the purposes of diversity jurisdiction.

Respondent relies on our decision inOwen Equipment Erection Co. v.Kroger,437 U.S. 365(1978), to support the result reached by the Court of Appeals. There we held that the ancillary jurisdiction of a District Court did not extend to the entertaining of a claim by an original plaintiff in a diversity action against a nondiverse third-party defendant impleaded by the original defendant pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure14(a).Owencasts no doubt on the principle established by the cases previously cited that diversity jurisdiction is to be assessed at the time the lawsuit is commenced.

The motion of American Mining Congress for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae is granted. The petition for a writ of certiorari is granted, and the judgment of the Court of Appeals isReversed.

JUSTICE SOUTER took no part in the consideration or decision of this motion and case.Page 430