Aldens, Inc. v. Kane

extending logic of United States v. United States Dist. Court, 407 U.S. 297, 92 S.Ct. 2125, 32 L.Ed.2d 752 (1972), to foreign contexts | extending logic of United States v. United States Dist. Court, 407 U.S. 297, 92 S.Ct. 2125, 32 L.Ed.2d 752 (1972), to foreign contexts | burden of proof on plaintiff arrestee to show that arresting officers lacked reasonable good faith belief of probable cause to arrest plaintiff | Weise not applicable when plaintiffs own papers and arguments indicate that no state action exists as a matter of law | consent decrees--products of negotiation rather than contested litigation--are not likely to carry stare decisis effects measurably adverse to the proposed intervention in any future proceedings | the "class," not being a party, is not "bound by res judicata or estoppel to the consent decrees" | the "class,” not being a party, is not “bound by res judicata or estoppel to the consent decrees” | “it cannot be gain-said that conciliation and voluntary settlement are the preferred means for resolving employment discrimination disputes” | an employer may not approach an employee directly to obtain a prospective waiver of his rights under Title VII | “we do not reach the issue whether a determination of policy by an institute and its executives can be a ‘conspiracy’ within the meaning of [§ 1985(3)]” | all cases involving the question of whether the 1972 amendments to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, deleting the exemptions for state and local employees, applied retroactively | consent decrees — products of negotiation rather than contested litigation — are not likely to carry stare decisis effects measurably adverse to the proposed intervention in any future proceedings | settlement upheld; objectors did not make a “compelling showing” that average of $500 award was “nothing but a mere pittance” | Plaintiff "is not entitled to a trial, or even to discovery, merely to find out whether or not there may be a factual basis for a claim which she has not made." | distinctly non-collaborators with the Soviet Union were the objects of electronic surveillance | distinctly non-collaborators with, the Soviet Union were the objects of electronic surveillance | Pennsylvania’s interest in protecting resident consumers by limiting the cost of credit plainly outweighs the due process, commerce clause, and full faith and credit objections of an out-of-state lender | extensive discussion of federal courts' role in approving Title VII consent decrees | Plaintiff “is not entitled to a trial, or even to discovery, merely to find out whether or not there may be a factual basis for a claim which she has not made.” | on a motion to dismiss, plaintiff "is not entitled to a trial, or even to discovery, merely to find out whether or not there may be a factual basis for a claim which [he] has not made” | on a motion to dismiss, plaintiff "is not entitled to a trial, or even to discovery, merely to find out whether or not there may be a factual basis for a claim which [he] has not made” | voluntary settlement of Title VII claims supported by public policy | plurality statement, unaccompanied by explanation, that only compensatory damages may be recovered | plurality statement, unaccompanied by explanation, that only compensatory damages may be recovered | extensive discussion of federal courts’ role in approving Title VII consent decrees | voluntary settlement of Title VII claims supported by public policy | noting in dicta warrantless foreign intelligence surveillance is unlawful | employees discharged because of Ku Klux Klan membership | employees discharged because of Ku Klux Klan membership | citizens and legally admitted alien farm workers | standard established for recusal request | questioning the “foreign affairs” exception