Irma Colón et al v. Hospital Doctors’ Center Bayamón, Inc. et al

            IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT                        
              FOR THE DISTRICT OF PUERTO RICO                          

         Irma Colón et al,                                             
           Plaintiffs,                                                 

              v.                Civil No. 24-1355 (MAJ)                

Hospital Doctors’ Center Bayamón, Inc. et al,                          


           Defendants.                                                 


                          ORDER                                        

  On November 6, 2024, Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint against Hospital Doctors’ 
Center Bayamón, Inc. (“DCHB” or “the Hospital”), emergency room contractor MCCUS Services 
LLC (“MCCUS”), and the insurance companies of DCHB and MCCUS. Docket No. 31. In 
summary, Plaintiffs bring a claim against DCHB pursuant to the Emergency Medical Treatment 
and  Active  Labor  Act  (“EMTALA”)  and  invoke  the  Court’s  supplemental  jurisdiction  to 
adjudicate medical malpractice claims under Puerto Rico law against the individual Defendants. 
Id. MCCUS and DCHB answered the amended complaint at Docket Nos. 37, 48. DCHB filed a 
third-party complaint against emergency room physician Dr. Víctor Rivera Cruz alleging that he 
may be liable, in full or in part, for Plaintiffs’ injuries. Docket No. 46. 
  On December 15, 2025, Plaintiffs filed a motion to compel and for sanctions against 
DCHB. Docket No. 155. The motion arises from the depositions of Chief Financial Officer 
Alejandro Santiago (“CFO Santiago”), DCHB’s former Medical Director Dr. Edgar Martorell 
(“Dr. Martorell”), DCHB’s Nurse Supervisor Christian López (“Mr. López”), nurse Merlinette 
Hernández (“Ms. Hernández”), and nurse Luis Roa Cordero (“Mr. Roa”). See Docket Nos. 155-1, 
155-2, 155-3, 155-4, 155-5. According to Plaintiffs, DCHB repeatedly engaged in improper 
litigation tactics that contravene the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the rules of professional 
ethics. Plaintiffs argue that sanctions are warranted because DCHB: (1) improperly instructed 
deponents not to answer, (2) coached deponents through speaking objections, and (3) otherwise 
obstructed Plaintiffs’ due process right to obtain discovery while violating ethical obligations. 
Based on this alleged pattern of misconduct, Plaintiffs seek the following relief: (1) an order 
compelling CFO Santiago to appear for a continuation of his deposition to answer previously 
unanswered questions; (2) payment of all costs associated with that deposition; (3) reimbursement 
of expenses related to the deposition of Dr. Martorell, including translation costs; (4) attorneys’ 
fees incurred in bringing this motion; and (5) an adverse jury instruction regarding testimony 
allegedly altered after improper coaching during Mr. López’s deposition. Id. at pp. 36-37. 
  DCHB argues that Plaintiffs mischaracterize the record and falsely attribute misconduct to 
DCHB’s counsel. Docket No. 170 at pp. 28-30. They contend that most instructions not to answer 
or speaking objections came from other attorneys, not DCBH’s attorneys, and that Plaintiffs were 
able to conduct these five depositions without obstruction. Defendants further argue that there is 
no basis to reopen CFO Santiago’s deposition because the unanswered questions were irrelevant 
and beyond the scope of the Court’s order at Docket No. 106, and that Plaintiffs’ cost-shifting 
requests  contradict  prior  stipulations—  particularly  regarding  translation  expenses,  which 
Plaintiffs agreed to share. They also reject any basis for sanctions or an adverse jury instruction, 
asserting that the record shows consistent testimony and no improper coaching, and instead request 
that Plaintiffs bear the costs of responding to what they characterize as a frivolous motion. 
  On January 7, 2026, I heard oral arguments from both sides. Docket No. 180. For the 
reasons discussed below, the motion to compel and request for sanctions is GRANTED in part 
and DENIED in part.                                                       
                      I.   Discussion                                  
  Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(1) permits parties to “obtain discovery regarding 
any nonprivileged matter that is relevant to any party’s claim or defense.” Depositions are 
governed by Rule 30(c), which provides that examination of a witness is to be conducted as it 
would at trial, with objections made on the record. The witness must answer the question subject 
to the objection which is thereby preserved for trial. See Ralston Purina Co. v. McFarland, 

550 F.2d 967, 973

 (4th Cir.1977); 7B Moore’s Federal Practice § 30.43 (3d ed. 1999). Rule 30(c)(2) 
further requires that objections be stated concisely and in a nonargumentative and nonsuggestive 
manner. The rule makes clear that, notwithstanding an objection, the examination must proceed, 
and the witness must answer the question. An instruction not to answer is permitted only in limited 
circumstances— namely, when necessary to preserve a privilege, to enforce a limitation ordered 
by the Court, or to present a motion under Rule 30(d)(3).                 
  Courts have consistently emphasized that a deposition is intended to be a question-and-
answer exchange between the examining attorney and the witness. See Plaisted v. Geisinger Med. 
Ctr., 

210 F.R.D. 527, 534

 (M.D. Pa. 2002). Counsel  for the witness may not  serve as an 
intermediary by interpreting questions or suggesting answers. If a question is unclear, it is the 
witness— not counsel— who must request clarification. See Córdova v. United States, 

2006 WL 4109659

, at *2 (D.N.M. July 30, 2006). “The court may impose an appropriate sanction— 
including the reasonable expenses and attorney’s fees incurred by any party— on a person who 
impedes, delays, or frustrates the fair examination of the deponent.” FED. R. CIV. P. 30(d)(2). If 
the deponent or another person impedes or delays the examination, the court may also authorize 
that the deposition continue for additional time. FED. R. CIV. P. 30(d)(1). 
  A.   CFO Santiago’s Deposition                                       
  Plaintiffs allege that DCHB’s attorneys improperly instructed CFO Santiago not to answer 
questions concerning DCHB’s relationship with its holding company, DCH Holdings, LLC, and 
other affiliated entities. Docket  No. 170.  Specifically, Plaintiffs sought  testimony regarding 
whether DCHB is part of a broader corporate group and the implications of that relationship. 
DCHB argues that such questions exceeded the permissible scope of the deposition under Rule 
30(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which requires a party deposing a corporation to 
describe “with reasonable particularity the matters for examination.” DCHB further asserts that 
the presiding District Judge’s order at Docket No. 106 limited the deposition to DCHB’s audited 
financial statements for 2023 and 2024 and the Hospital’s financial condition during those years. 
Docket No. 170. According to DCHB, its counsel’s instructions not to answer were confined to 
questions about DCH Holdings, LLC and its affiliates, which are not parties to this action.  
  The Court’s order at Docket No. 106 provides that “within reasonable bounds, deposition 
testimony from a corporate officer of DCHB regarding the financial status of the corporation is 
relevant and proportional,” but limits Plaintiffs to inquiring about DCHB’s audited financial 
statements for 2023 and 2024. Plaintiffs’ Rule 30(b)(6) notice required DCHB’s designated 
representative to “explain in detail all information provided in each numbered note contained in 
the Notes to the Financial Statements, including but not limited to the note’s meaning, its financial 
composition”. See Docket No. 170-5. The notice also contemplated detailed examination of 
disclosures regarding DCHB’s net worth and financial condition, particularly in connection with 
Plaintiffs’ punitive damages claim. 

Id.

 DCHB has not argued that it objected to the 30(b)(6) notice 
of deposition made by Plaintiffs.                                         
  Plaintiffs  emphasize  that  Note  9  to  the  2023  and  2024  audited  financial  statements 
expressly states that the Hospital is a member of an affiliated group under common control. Docket 
No. 93-9 at p. 33; Docket No. 173-1 at p. 32. The note further discloses that DCHB has engaged 
in significant transactions with related entities under terms determined by group management and 
cautions that the financial statements “may not necessarily be indicative of the conditions that 
would have existed or the results of operations if the Hospital had been operated as an unaffiliated 
entity.” 

Id.

 In light of these disclosures, Plaintiffs seek to reopen the deposition to ask: (1) whether 
DCHB is part of a corporate group, and (2) what it means for DCHB to be part of such a group.  
  DCHB objected to these questions on the ground that they exceed the scope of the 
deposition. However, objections that a question exceeded the scope of the deposition are improper 
grounds for instructing a witness not to answer. Doe v. City of San Diego, 

2013 WL 6577065

, at 
*5 (S.D. Cal. Dec. 13, 2013). Moreover, these questions fall within both the Court’s order at 
Docket No. 106 and Plaintiffs’ Rule 30(b)(6) notice. The Court’s instructions that questions be 
limited  to  DCHB’s  “financial  status”  necessarily  encompasses  explanations  of  disclosures 
contained in the audited financial statements, including any conditions affecting their reliability. 
Because Note 9 explicitly states that DCHB’s status as a member of an affiliated corporate group 
may affect the accuracy and representativeness of its financial condition, inquiry into the nature 
and effect of that affiliation is relevant for assessing any punitive damages.  
  Accordingly, the instruction by counsel not to answer those questions was improper. 
Plaintiffs are entitled to inquire whether and how DCHB’s status as a member of an affiliated 
corporate group— that is, its role as an affiliate of DCH Holdings, LLC— affects its financial 
condition and the extent to which its audited financial statements accurately reflect that condition. 
Plaintiffs may therefore reopen CFO Santiago’s deposition for the limited purpose of addressing 
these issues only. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the allowed inquiry is to be narrowly confined 
to the effect of DCHB’s corporate affiliations on its own financial condition. Plaintiffs may not 
seek discovery of the financial condition of DCH Holdings, LLC, or any affiliated entities, as those 
entities are not parties to this action. This limitation is appropriate because DCHB is the only entity 
potentially liable for damages in this case. Therefore, Plaintiffs may reopen CFO Santiago’s 
deposition within the next week (to be completed on or before April 22, 2026), but the deposition 
is not to exceed one (1) hour. DCHB is ORDERED to bear the costs associated with the 
continuation of CFO Santiago’s deposition.                                
  B.   Dr. Martorell’s Deposition                                      
  Plaintiffs also argue that DCHB’s attorneys coached Dr. Martorell through speaking 
objections in violation of Rule 30(d)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. However, DCHB 
maintains that the instances cited by Plaintiffs involved objections made by Attorney Miranda 
Dalecio— Dr. Martorell’s personal counsel— rather than DCHB’s attorneys. The Court agrees 
that Attorney Miranda Dalecio was responsible for improperly instructing Dr. Martorell not to 
answer certain questions. Nonetheless, the record also reflects that DCHB’s counsel repeatedly 
interposed  speaking  objections.  Throughout  the  deposition,  DCHB’s  counsel  also  at  times 
instructed the witness not to answer premised on an “asked and answered” objection. See Docket 
No. 174-1 at pp. 33, 38, 45-46, 61-62, 64, 86, 102, 112-114, 123, 128, 172, 202, 205. Speaking 
objections and instructions to not answer in this context were improper. Lund v. Matthews, 

2014 WL 517569

, at *5 (D. Neb. Feb. 7, 2014) (awarding sanctions where counsel made objections with 
commentary that coached the deponent’s answers and instructed the witness not to answer on the 
basis of an “asked and answered” objection); Plaisted v. Geisinger Med. Ctr., 

210 F.R.D. 527, 534

 
(M.D. Pa. 2002) (improper for the witness’s own lawyer to act as an intermediary, interpreting 
questions, deciding what questions the witness should answer). DCHB is therefore ORDERED to 
reimburse Plaintiffs for the costs associated with Dr. Martorell’s deposition once Plaintiffs have 
provided DCHB with evidence of those costs. This order does not include the payment by DCHB 
of the costs of translation, as the parties have reached an agreement on translations and may not 
even need a translation of the entire transcript of the deposition for trial.  
  C.   Ms. Hernández’s Deposition                                      
  Plaintiffs argue that DCHB’s counsel improperly instructed Ms. Hernández not to answer 
certain questions during her deposition. DCHB contends that the only instruction not to answer 
concerned  whether  Ms.  Hernández  had  signed  a  conflict  waiver  with  DCHB’s  attorneys. 
According to DCHB, this issue had already been resolved by the undersigned, when I deemed the 
question irrelevant given that the witness was being deposed in her capacity as a hospital employee. 
Docket No. 170. Under Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(c)(2), counsel may instruct a witness not to answer to 
enforce a limitation ordered by the Court. There was a clear and unambiguous ruling by me on this 
issue. Docket No. 111. The instruction not to answer fell within the permissible category.  
  I  feel  obliged  to  note  that  the  deposition  transcript  reflects  repeated  hostility  and 
unwarranted disputes between counsel for Plaintiffs and DCHB. Such conduct falls well below the 
level of professionalism expected of attorneys in this District, particularly those who are seasoned 
practitioners. This is not an isolated occurrence. The minute entry from a prior discovery dispute 
likewise documents a similar pattern of contentious behavior. Docket No. 111. Counsel for both 
parties are reminded that depositions are not forums for adversarial posturing, and that they are 
expected to conduct themselves with decorum. Entertaining disputes due to counsel’s inability to 
exercise civility during litigation results in a sheer waste of judicial resources. As such, the parties 
are forewarned that in the future I will not hesitate to impose sanctions to compensate the Court 
for the waste of its resources at a rate of no less than $1,900 per hour (rounded down from 
$1,927.13). See In re Engle Cases, 

283 F.Supp.3d 1174, 1253-154

 (M.D. Fla. 2017) (using the 
Rand Study's estimate and the Bureau of Labor Statistics inflation-adjustment calculator to 
determine sanctions); Nogess v. Poydras Ctr., LLC, 

2017 WL 396307

, at *15 (E.D. La. Jan. 30, 
2017) (collecting cases from the Rand Study to calculate sanctions and finding that an hour of the 
judiciary’s time in 2016 was worth $1,500); Kidwell v. Ruby IV, L.L.C., 

2020 WL 6391260

, at 
*9 (E.D. La. Nov. 2, 2020) (finding that the $600-per-hour rate in 1982 should be adjusted to 
$1,650 in 2020).                                                          
  D.   Mr. Roa’s Deposition                                            
  Plaintiffs allege that DCHB’s counsel issued improper instructions not to answer and 
speaking objections during Mr. Roa’s deposition. However, the record does not support this 
contention. See Docket No. 155-4 at pp. 29, 123, 153, 361. As DCHB correctly points out, the 
objections and instructions cited by Plaintiffs were made by counsel for other parties—namely, 
attorney Gilberto Oliveras (counsel for Mr. Roa) and Benjamin Morales (counsel for MCCUS)—
not by DCHB’s counsel. In the limited instances where DCHB’s counsel objected, she did so 
appropriately by stating “objection to form,” which complies with Rule 30(c)(2). See Docket No. 
155-4 at pp. 152-154. Accordingly, the Court finds no basis to conclude that DCHB’s counsel 
engaged in improper conduct during Mr. Roa’s deposition.                  
  E.   Mr. López’s Deposition                                          
  Plaintiffs assert that Mr. López changed his testimony regarding the existence of a manual 
for the treatment of most common conditions after being coached through improper speaking 
objections during his deposition. Docket No. 155. Plaintiffs request that the Court issue an adverse 
jury instruction. DCHB disputes this characterization, asserting that Mr. López consistently 
testified that there is no separate manual addressing the most common conditions and their 
treatment. Docket No. 170. After a careful review of the deposition transcript, the Court finds that 
Mr. López consistently testified that there is no separate manual addressing the most common 
conditions and their treatment. See Docket No. 155-5 at pp. 77-78, 80-81. This testimony is also 
consistent with his prior affidavit at Docket No. 170-7. The Court further observes that Plaintiffs’ 
counsel repeatedly posed the same question despite receiving clear and unequivocal answers. 
Although objections were interposed during this line of questioning, the record does not reflect 
improper coaching. Instead, it was the repetitive questioning by Plaintiffs’ counsel that contributed 
to prolonging and, at times, frustrating the orderly examination of the witness. An adverse jury 
instruction is not warranted.                                             
                        II.  Conclusion                                
  For the reasons discussed above, Plaintiff’s motion to compel and request for sanctions at 
Docket No. 155 is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. DCHB shall produce CFO Santiago 
for a continuation of his deposition within the next week (on or before April 22, 2026), which is 
not to exceed one (1) hour, and for the limited purpose discussed above. DCHB shall bear the costs 
associated with reopening CFO Santiago’s deposition. DCHB shall also bear the costs associated 
with Dr. Martorell’s deposition, excluding the costs of translation. Because I find that Plaintiffs’ 
counsel contributed to the delays and difficulties encountered during the depositions, particularly 
those of Mr. López and CFO Santiago, and because some of the requests made by Plaintiffs have 
no merit, each party is to bear the costs and fees of litigating the matters discussed in this order.  
  IT IS SO ORDERED.                                                    
  In San Juan, Puerto Rico, this 15th day of April 2026.               

                                s/Giselle López-Soler                  
                                GISELLE LÓPEZ-SOLER                    
                                United States Magistrate Judge