Opinion · Ohio Supreme Court
State v. Cole
State v. Cole, 2 Ohio St. 3d 112 (Ohio 1982)
- Type
- Opinion
- Court
- Ohio Supreme Court
- Jurisdiction
- Ohio
- Date
- 1982-12-29
- Topic
- general
holding that res judicata bars a claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel only if new counsel represented the defendant on direct appeal | observing that a postconviction-relief petition alleging ineffective assistance of counsel generally requires evidence de hors the record | noting that while the petitioner attached evidence dehors the record in support of his claims for relief, he made no claim that the evidence was unavailable to him at the time of his direct appeal | setting out Ohio's rules for raising new claims on post-conviction appeal | setting out Ohio’s rules for raising new claims on post-conviction appeal | “The failure to raise on appeal a claim that appears on the face of the record constitutes a procedural default under Ohio’s doctrine of res judicata.” | to merit a hearing on a postconviction ineffective-assistance claim, a petitioner must proffer evidence outside the record that if true, would show that counsel was ineffective | “[T]he allegations outside the record upon which appellant relies appear so contrived, when measured against the overwhelming evidence in the record of trial counsel’s competence, as to constitute no credible evidence” | a post-conviction relief petition must avoid the res judicata bar by asserting claims based on evidence de hors the record | "Indeed, the trial court has a statutorily imposed duty to ensure that the petitioner adduces sufficient evidence to warrant a hearing." | introduction on petition for postconviction relief of evidence dehors the record suffices "at least to avoid dismissal on the basis of res judicata" | a postconviction relief petition must avoid the res judicata bar by asserting claims based on evidence de hors the record | res judicata precludes relief under a petition for postconviction relief unless the defendant can demonstrate that the ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim solely depends on evidence outside of the record | to merit a hearing on a postconviction ineffective-assistance claim, a petitioner must proffer evidence outside the record that if true, would show that counsel was ineffective | to merit a hearing on a postconviction ineffective-assistance claim, a petitioner must proffer evidence outside the record that, if believed, would show that counsel was ineffective | to still have remedy available under state law and avoid res judicata bar, evidence outside the record must be needed to support claim asserted in petition | to merit a hearing on a postconviction ineffective-assistance claim, a petitioner must proffer evidence outside the record that if true, would show that counsel was ineffective | res judicata precludes relief under a petition for postconviction relief unless the petitioner can demonstrate that the ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim solely depends on evidence outside of the record | "Generally, the introduction in [a state postconviction] petition of evidence dehors the record ... is sufficient, if not to mandate a hearing, at least to avoid dismissal on the basis of res judicata ." | “[T]he allegations outside the record upon which appellant relies appear so contrived, when measured against the overwhelming evidence in the record of trial counsel’s competence, as to constitute no credible evidence” | Post-conviction relief petitions raising claims of ineffective assistance of counsel pose “unique challenges.” | "[C]ounsel cannot realistically be expected to argue his own incompetence" | "[Cjounsel cannot realistically be expected to argue his own incompetence” | “Generally, the introduction ... of evidence dehors the record of ineffective assistance of counsel is sufficient, if not to mandate a hearing, at least to avoid dismissal on the basis of res judicata.” | “Generally, the introduction in an R.C. 2953.21 petition of evidence dehors the record of ineffective assistance of counsel is sufficient, if not to mandate a hearing, at least to avoid dismissal on the basis of res judicata.” | “Generally, the intr
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In the case at bar, this court is required to address only one issue: whether the court of appeals erred-in affirming the trial court’s dismissal of appellant’s petition for postconviction relief on the basis of res judicata. We find no error and, thus, affirm the appellate court’s decision.
Appellant argues that the principle of res judicata does not bar the assertion of ineffective assistance of counsel in his petition and that he should have been afforded a hearing on his claim. A criminal defendant, seeking to challenge his conviction(s) through a petition for postconviction relief, is not, however, automatically entitled to such a hearing. State v. Jackson (1980), 64 Ohio St. 2d 107, 110 [18 O.O.3d 348]. Indeed, the trial court has a statutorily imposed duty to ensure that the petitioner adduces sufficient evidence, to warrant a hearing. As R.C. 2953.21(C), in pertinent part, provides: “Before granting a hearing [on a petition for postconviction relief] the court shall determine whether there are substantive grounds for relief.”
Moreover, this court has found res judicata to be a proper basis upon which to dismiss without hearing an R.C. 2953.21 petition. State v. Perry (1967), 10 Ohio St. 2d 175 [39 O.O.2d 189]; State v. Duling (1970), 21 Ohio St. 2d 13 [50 O.O.2d 40]. As we stated in paragraph nine of the syllabus in State v. Perry, supra, in addressing for the first time the applicability of the principle of res judicata to such petitions where constitutional violations are alleged:
“Under the doctrine of res judicata, a final judgment of conviction bars a convicted defendant who was represented by counsel from raising and litigating in any proceeding except an appeal from that judgment, any defense or any claimed lack of due process that was raised or could have been raised by the defendant at the trial, which resulted in that judgment or conviction, or on an appeal from that judgment.”
Since our pronouncement in State v. Perry, supra, this court and several lower courts have recognized exceptions to the absolute application of the doctrine of res judicata in proceedings for postconviction relief where ineffective assistance of counsel is claimed. State v. Hester (1976), 45 Ohio St. 2d 71 [74 O.O.2d 156]; State v. Milanovich (1975), 42 Ohio St. 2d 46 [71 O.O.2d 26]; State v. Carter (1973), 36 Ohio Misc. 170.[65 O.O.2d 276].1 Herein, as ap
Where ineffective assistance of counsel is alleged in a petition for postconviction relief, the defendant, in order to secure a hearing on his petition, must proffer evidence which, if believed, would establish not only that his trial counsel had substantially violated at least one of a defense attorney’s essential duties to his client but also that said, violation was prejudicial to the defendant. State v. Jackson, supra; State v. Lytle (1976), 48 Ohio St. 2d 391 [2 O.O.3d 495]; see State v. Hester, supra. Generally, the introduction in an R.C. 2953.21 petition of evidence dehors the record of ineffective assistance of counsel is sufficient, if not to mandate a hearing, at least to avoid dismissal on the basis of res judicata. In the case at bar, however, the allegations outside the record upon which appellant relies appear so contrived, when measured against the overwhelming evidence in the record of trial counsel’s competence, as to constitute no credible evidence and, thus, to justify the trial court’s application of the principles of res judicata.
In his petition for postconviction relief as supplemented by the supporting affidavit, appellant cites numerous examples, of trial counsel’s “incompetence.” He avers, inter alia, that trial counsel misinformed him of the consequences of conviction on both the indictment and the subsequent information, was not prepared to go to trial, had failed to research the case and even admitted lacking the experience to defend such a case. The record refutes the gravamen of each of these contentions.
Trial counsel’s success in having the charges pending against appellant reduced from two first and two second degree felonies to one second and one third degree felony is itself compelling evidence of counsel’s competence. Even more persuasive is appellant’s recorded trial testimony affirming that trial counsel did apprise him of what the state would have to prove if he chose to stand trial, of what rights he waived by entering a plea of no contest and that he could not be guaranteed immediate placement on probation. Perhaps most probative of counsel’s effectiveness, however, is appellant’s expression, following the trial court’s thorough and painstaking review of appellant’s rights and the voluntariness of his plea, of satisfaction “[without a doubt” with counsel’s conduct of his defense.
The record also reveals that appellant had once worked as an editor with an advertising agency and that he carefully reviewed his written pleas of no contest before signing them. In tandem with the other evidence in the
In light of the facts reflected in the transcript of the trial court’s proceedings, the evidence dehors the record submitted by appellant in his petition for postconviction relief is so specious that it can hardly be said to establish or support an issue or claim that could not have been raised upon direct appeal. Although the availability of postconviction relief has become an important instrument in preserving inviolate a defendant’s constitutional rights, we must remain mindful'of the proper limitations on the exercise of such remedy. As this court so cogently stated, in State v. Milanovich, supra, at 51:
“It may be useful to note that cases of postconviction relief pose difficult problems for courts, petitioners, defense counsel and prosecuting attorneys alike. Cases long considered to be fully adjudicated are reopened, although memories may be dim and proof difficult. The courts justifiably fear frivolous and interminable appeals from prisoners who have their freedom to gain and comparatively little to lose.”
Appellant’s claim in the instant cause fails to transcend the domain of the “frivolous.” In-his petition for postconviction relief, appellant has neither raised an issue nor adduced any credible evidence which would spare his petition from the application of the doctrine of res judicata. Although the court which reviewed appellant’s petition could have based its decision on his failure to state a justiciable claim for relief, we cannot fault the court for its choice of grounds upon which it predicated its decision.
Accordingly, we hereby affirm the judgment of the court of appeals.
Judgment affirmed.
Celebrezze, C.J., W. Brown, Sweeney, Holmes, C. Brown and Krupansky, JJ., concur.This court held in paragraph two of the syllabus in State v. Hester, supra: “Where the record does not disclose that the issue of competent counsel has been adjudicated, the doctrine of res judicata is an improper basis upon which to dismiss an R.C. 2953.21 petition.”
In paragraph one of the syllabus in State v. Milanovich, supra, also involving a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel asserted in an R.C. 2953.21 petition, we stated: “Where a claim raised by a petition for postconviction relief under R.C. 2953.21 is sufficient on its face to raise an issue that petitioner’s conviction is void or voidable on constitutional grounds, and the claim is one which depends upon factual allegations that cannot be determined by examination of the files and records of the case, the petition states a substantive ground for relief.”
In State v. Carter, supra, a court of common pleas ruled that, as counsel cannot realistically be expected to argue his own incompetence, res judicata does not act to bar a defendant represented by the same counsel at trial and upon direct appeal from raising a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel in a petition for postconviction relief.