Opinion · District Court, S.D. Georgia

Pitts Ex Rel. Pitts v. Seneca Sports, Inc.

321 F. Supp. 2d 1353

Type
Opinion
Court
District Court, S.D. Georgia
Jurisdiction
Georgia
Date
2004-05-20
Topic
litigation

How later courts describe this case

  • discussing the effect of a default judgment on subsequent findings of fact
  • “For damages, the Court can take evidence when necessary, or compute them from the facts of record.”
  • “[A] plaintiff must . . . establish that the amount [of damages] is reasonable under the circumstances[, and] . . . the Court can take evidence when necessary, or compute them from the facts of record.”

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PITTS v. SENECA SPORTS, INC. (S.D.Ga. 2004)
321 F. Supp.2d 1353
LAURIE ANN PITTS, as natural mother and guardian of George Lofton Pitts V,
a minor child, Plaintiff, v. SENECA SPORTS, INC., Defendant.
No. 603CV131.
United States District Court, S.D. Georgia,
Statesboro Division.
May 20, 2004
West Page 1354
[EDITORS' NOTE: THIS PAGE CONTAINS HEADNOTES. HEADNOTES ARE NOT AN OFFICIAL PRODUCT OF THE COURT, THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT DISPLAYED.]West Page 1355
Mark A. Bradley, James B. Wessinger, Abercorn St. Savannah, GA, Laurie Ann Pitts, for plaintiff.

Christopher W. Phillips, Maclean, Exley Dunn, Savannah, GA, Mattel, Inc., for defendant.

James S. Strawinski, Atlanta, GA, K-MART HOLDING CORPORATION, for defendant.

Christopher W. Phillips, Atlanta, GA, FISHER-PRICE, INC., for defendant.

Dennis B. Keene, Hunter, Maclean, Exley Dunn, Savannah, GA.
ORDER
B. AVANT EDENFIELD, District Judge
I.
INTRODUCTION
Plaintiff Laurie Ann Pitts, on behalf of her minor son George Lofton Pitts V, brings this products liability action against defendant Seneca Sports, Inc. (Seneca).1Doc. # 1. Seneca, despite having been served with formal (F.R.Civ.P.4) process over four months ago, has yet to file an Answer or otherwise respond.2Accordingly, Pitts moves, under F.R.Civ.P.55, for entry of default and default judgment. Doc. # 27.
II.
BACKGROUND
Proceeding on negligence and breach of warranty theories, Pitts alleges that she purchased a "Rescue Heroes Mobile Command Post" tent, distributed by Seneca, at a Bulloch County, Georgia Kmart store. Doc. # 7 ¶ 13. While playing with the tent, her son3"was struck [in the eye] by one of the [tent's] poles. . . . resulting in a severe tear in and around the iris."Id.¶ 15; # 1 exh. A. Accordingly, she seeks medical expenses, compensatory, and punitive damages. Doc. # 7 at 12-13.West Page 1356
III.
ANALYSIS
A. Default Judgment Criteria

A motion for default judgment4is not granted as a matter of right. Rather, F.R.Civ.P.55 vests the Court with discretion to determine whether the judgment should be entered.Patray,931 F. Supp. at 868. To that end, the following criteria guide the Court in exercising its default judgment discretion:
• The Court must have personal and subject-matter jurisdiction over the defendant.
• The presence of the court's jurisdiction must appear on the face of the complaint.
• The well-pleadedfactualallegations of the Complaint are accepted as true, except those relating to the amount of damages.
• However, the Complaint must state a cause of action.
• While the well-pleadedfactsalleged in the Complaint are deemed admitted, plaintiff'sconclusionsof law are not, and the Court may grant only the relief for which a sufficient basis is asserted (hence, a default is not treated as an absolute confession by the defendant of his liability and of the plaintiff's right to recover).
• Once the Court determines that a default judgment should be entered, it then determines the amount and character of the recovery that should be awarded.
• Generally, damages may be awarded without a hearing if they are for a liquidated amount.
• However, a plaintiff must also establish that the amount is reasonable under the circumstances.
• For damages, court can take evidence when necessary, or compute them from the facts of record.
• Neither the plaintiff nor the defendant has a right to a jury trial on the issue of damages.
Id.at 868-870 (paraphrased).

Applying these criteria, three distinct matters emerge as essential in considering any default judgment: (1) jurisdiction; (2) liability; and (3) damages. Before the Court can grant plaintiff's motion for default judgment, all three must be established. Each is considered below.B. Jurisdiction1. Subject Matter Jurisdiction

The Court has diversity subject matter jurisdiction under28 U.S.C. § 1332, as Seneca is incorporated in Delaware and has its primary place of business in Massachusetts (see28 U.S.C. § 1332(c) ("a corporation shall be deemed to be a citizen of any State by which it has been incorporated and of the State where it has its principal place of business"), while Pitts is a resident of Georgia. Doc. # 7 at 1-2.2. Personal Jurisdiction

"A federal court must have both statutory and constitutional authority in order to assert [personal] jurisdiction over a [non-resident] defendant" such as Seneca.Carekeeper SoftwareDev. Co. v. Silver,46 F. Supp.2d 1366,1369(N.D.Ga. 1999). Thus, "the court must first look to Georgia's long arm statute, and, if [d]efendantWest Page 1357can be reached by that statute, the court must then determine if an assertion of jurisdiction would be constitutional. Georgia's long arm statute confers personal jurisdiction to the maximum extent allowed under the Federal Constitution. Therefore, the only inquiry here is a constitutional one."Id.(cites omitted);see also ContinentalResearch Corp. v. Reeves,204 Ga. App. 120,123(1992). That, of course, requires that Seneca have "minimum contacts" with Georgia and that asserting jurisdiction would not offend "traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice."World-WideVolkswagen Corp. v. Woodson,444 U.S. 286,291-92(1979).

According to plaintiff's Complaint, Seneca "is a Delaware corporation doing business in the State of Georgia" and "has been engaged in the business of manufacturing and distributing "Rescue Heroes" tents . . . to the general public through retail stores located throughout Georgia. . . ." Doc. # 7 ¶¶ 3 10. The Court interprets that to mean that Seneca distributed its tents nationally and thus is chargeable with knowledge that some would ultimately be sold by Georgia Kmart stores.Id.¶ 13.

That supports the Court's personal jurisdiction over Seneca. "A forum State does not exceed its powers under the Due Process Clause if it asserts personal jurisdiction over a corporation that delivers its products into the stream of commerce with the expectation that they will be purchased by consumers in the forum State."World-Wide Volkswagen,444 U.S. at 297-298;see alsoAsahi Metal Indus. Co., Inc. v. Superior Court of California,480 U.S. 102(1987).

In other words, "[t]he sale of goods in another state, knowing that they will be resold in Georgia, is a purposeful activity sufficient to establish a `contact' with Georgia."ContinentalResearch,204 Ga. App. at 124;see also Showa Denko v. Pangle,202 Ga. App. 245,247(1991).C. Liability Damages

"[A] default is not treated as an absolute confession by the defendant of his liability and of the plaintiff's right to recover."Nishimatsu Constr. Co. v. Houston Nat'l Bank,515 F.2d 1200,1204(5th Cir. 1975) (footnotes omitted). Rather, it is only an admission of the facts cited in the Complaint, which by themselves may or may not be sufficient to establish a defendant's liability.See10A WRIGHT MILLER, FED. PRAC. PROC. CIV.3D § 2688 at 63 (1998) ("Even after default, however, it remains for the court to consider whether the unchallenged facts constitute a legitimate cause of action, since a party in default does not admit mere conclusions of law").

Here, the Complaint simply alleges that plaintiff's son was struck in the eye by a Seneca product. Doc. # 7. But of course, injury alone does not establish liability, let alone damages. Pitts must at least plead — innon-conclusory fashion — that something was wrong with the Seneca tent (i.e.,defective design or manufacture, failure to warn, etc.) and that such defect proximately caused the injury to her son's eye.SeeTraina Enters. v. RaceTrac Petroleum,241 Ga. App. 18,18(1999) ("The four elements to any tort action are a duty, a breach of that duty, causation and damages") (cites omitted).

To that end, Pitts's evidentiary burden is light — she need only establish aprima facieliability case against defendant.See, e.g., In re Thanh v. Truong,271 B.R. 738,742(Bankr. D.Conn. 2002) (Motion for default judgment denied where plaintiff failed to establishprima faciecase of justifiable reliance. "A motion for judgmentWest Page 1358by default is not granted as a matter of right. Rather, the court in its discretion may conduct a hearing requiring some proof from the [p]laintiff of the facts that must be established in order to determine [defendant's] liability");Televideo Sys. Inc. v. Heidenthal,826 F.2d 915,917(9th Cir. 1987). And Seneca is estopped from presenting evidence contravening liability.See, e.g., Brown v. Kenron AluminumGlass Corp.,477 F.2d 526,531(8th Cir. 1973).

But Pitts's Complaint fails toplead(much less establish) aprima faciecase against Seneca. In fact, it fails to even recite facts sufficient to establish a cause of action (for example, that the product was defective because Seneca used sub-standard materials, and that defect caused the pole to snap, creating a hazard that proximately caused the eye injury).

Instead, Pitts pleads only conclusions (i.e.,Seneca was negligent, breached its implied warranties, etc., without explaininghowit was negligent). Doc. # 7. Thus, there is not even a starting point upon which the Court can consider liability and damages evidence.5Any hearing, therefore, would at best constitute a "second chance" for plaintiff to plead a cause of action — something she should have done in her Complaint. Her default-judgment motion therefore is properly denied.

Note, however, that Pitts's Complaint does satisfy F.R.Civ.P.8(a)'s well-pled Complaint requirement.Conley v.Gibson,355 U.S. 41,47(1957) (Rule 8 requires a short and plain statement of the claim that will give the defendant fair notice of what the plaintiff's claim is and the grounds upon which it rests) (quotes and cite omitted).

But, for a default judgment, Rule 55 requires more. "`The well-pleaded allegations of the Complaint are to be accepted as true. However the Complaint must state a cause of action. In other words, judgment may be granted only for such relief as may lawfully be granted upon the well-pleaded facts alleged in the complaint."Patray,931 F. Supp. at 868(quotes, cites and alterations omitted).

Nothing here prevents plaintiff from filing anew and properly pleading her case for both F.R.Civ.P.8and55purposes.6It follows, then, that granting an entry of default would constitute a legally meaningless exercise (since no grounds have been pled to support entry ofdefault judgment), so that, too, must be denied.
IV.
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, the CourtDENIESplaintiff Laurie Pitt's motion for entry of default (doc.# 27-1), as well as her default judgment motion (doc. # 27-2). Within 15 days of the date this Order is served, plaintiff shall show why the Court should not dismiss this case without prejudice.See supranote 6.
NOTICE OF REMOVAL; FILING FEE $150.00 RECEIPT # 402593 (wwp) [Entry date 10/29/03]

CERTIFICATE pursuant to Local Rule 3.2. by defendant Mattel, Inc. (wwp) [Entry date 10/29/03]

NOTICE to attorney of Removal by Mattel, Inc. (wwp) [Entry date 10/29/03]

General ORDER of instructions to the parties 26(f). (signed by Magistrate Judge G.R. Smith); [EOD Date 10/29/03] copies served. (wwp) [Entry date 10/29/03]

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE by Mattel, Inc. (wwp) [Entry date 10/29/03]

NOTICE to State Court of Removal by Mattel, Inc. (wwp)

AMENDED COMPLAINT by Laurie Ann Pitts (Answer due 11/13/03 for K-Mart Corporation, for Seneca Sports, Inc., for K-Mart Holding, for Mattel, Inc.) amending (ssl) [Entry date 11/04/03]

CERTIFICATE pursuant to Local Rule 3.2. by plaintiff Laurie Ann Pitts (ssl) [Entry date 11/04/03]

WAIVER OF SERVICE Returned Executed as to Fisher-Price, Inc. Answer due on 1/2/04 for Fisher-Price, Inc. (ssl) [Entry date 11/04/03]

MOTION by Fisher-Price, Inc. to Strike certain allegations of Plaintiff's Complaint with brief in support. (ssl) [Entry date 11/04/03]

Motion(s) referred: [10-1] motion to Strike certain allegations of Plaintiff's Complaint referred to Magistrate Judge G.R. Smith (ssl) [Entry date 11/04/03]

ANSWER to Complaint by Fisher-Price, Inc. (Attorney Christopher Phillips), (ssl) [Entry date 11/04/03]

Litigants' Bill of Rights filed by Fisher-Price, Inc. (wwp)

ORDER granting [10-1] motion to Strike certain allegations of Plaintiff's Complaint (signed by Judge B. Avant Edenfield); [EOD Date 11/7/03] copies served. (wwp)

SUMMONS(ES) issued for Seneca Sports, Inc. (wwp) [Entry date 11/10/03]

Rule 26(f) report filed by Laurie Ann Pitts, Mattel, Inc., K-Mart Holding, Seneca Sports, Inc., K-Mart Corporation, Fisher-Price, Inc. . (ssl) [Entry date 12/16/03]

SCHEDULING ORDER setting Joining of parties, amending of pleadings by 1/2/04; Expert witness report by plaintiff due by 3/5/04; Expert witness report by Defendant due by 4/3/04; Discovery cutoff 4/21/04; Motion Filing deadline on 5/21/04; Status Report due on 3/2/04; signed by Magistrate Judge G.R. Smith copies served. (wwp) [Entry date 12/22/03]

MOTION by K-Mart Holding, K-Mart Corporation for attorney Nicole Wolfe Stout to Appear Pro Hac Vice. with brief in support. (ssl)

MOTION by K-Mart Holding, K-Mart Corporation for attorney James S. Strawinski to Appear Pro Hac Vice. with brief in support. (ssl)

Pro Hac Vice paid by Nicole Wolfe Stout for defendant K-Mart Corporation, James S. Strawinski for defendant K-Mart Corporation Receipt # 402960 Date: 12/23/03 (ssl)

Motion(s) referred: [17-1] motion for attorney James S. Strawinski to Appear Pro Hac Vice. referred to Magistrate Judge G.R. Smith, [16-1] motion for attorney Nicole Wolfe Stout to Appear Pro Hac Vice. referred to Magistrate Judge G.R. Smith (ssl)

ORDER granting [16-1] motion for attorney Nicole Wolfe Stout to Appear Pro Hac Vice. Attorney added to case. (signed by Magistrate Judge G.R. Smith); [EOD Date 1/9/04] copies served. (ssl) [Entry date 01/09/04]

ORDER granting [17-1] motion for attorney James S. Strawinski to Appear Pro Hac Vice. Attorney added to case. (signed by Magistrate Judge G.R. Smith); [EOD Date 1/9/04] copies served. (ssl) [Entry date 01/09/04]

ORDER Confidentiality Stipulation and Protective Order (signed by Judge B. Avant Edenfield); [EOD Date 2/4/04] copies served. (lne)

ORDER Qualified Protective Order (signed by Judge B. Avant Edenfield); [EOD Date 2/4/04] copies served. (lne)

JOINT STATUS REPORT by Laurie Ann Pitts, K-Mart Holding, Seneca Sports, Inc., K-Mart Corporation, Fisher-Price, Inc. (kts) [Entry date 03/04/04]

MOTION by Laurie Ann Pitts to Extend Time for producing expert witness reports (kts) [Entry date 03/04/04]

Motion(s) referred: [23-1] motion to Extend Time for producing expert witness reports referred to Magistrate Judge G.R. Smith (kts) [Entry date 03/04/04]

ORDER granting [23-1] motion to Extend Time for producing expert witness reports resetting Scheduling Order Deadlines: expert witness report for plaintiff on 3/25/04 expert witness report for defendant due 4/23/04 (signed by Magistrate Judge W. Leon Barfield); [EOD Date 3/8/04] copies served. (cmk)

MOTION by Laurie Ann Pitts to Extend Time deadlines for producing expert witness reports with brief in support. (lne)

Motion(s) referred: [25-1] motion to Extend Time deadlines for producing expert witness reports referred to Magistrate Judge G.R. Smith (lne)

RESPONSE by Fisher-Price, Inc. to [25-1] motion to Extend Time deadlines for producing expert witness reports by Laurie Ann Pitts (kts) [Entry date 03/31/04]

MOTION by Laurie Ann Pitts for Entry of Default as to Seneca Sports, Inc., for Default Judgment against Seneca Sports, Inc. with brief in support. (wwp) [Entry date 04/13/04]

ORDER granting [25-1] motion to Extend Time deadlines for producing expert witness reports (signed by Magistrate Judge G.R. Smith); [EOD Date 4/15/04] copies served. (kts) [Entry date 04/15/04]

SCHEDULING ORDER setting Expert witness report by plaintiff due by 4/21/04; Expert witness report by Defendant due by 5/21/04; Discovery cutoff 6/1/04; Motion Filing deadline on 7/1/04; Summary Judgment deadline on 7/1/04; signed by Magistrate Judge G.R. Smith copies served. (kts)

MOTION by Laurie Ann Pitts for Leave to File To Voluntarily Dismiss with prejudice KMART Corp., KMART HOLDING CORP., and FISHER-PRICE, Inc. as party defendants with brief in support. (lne) [Entry date 04/21/04]

MEMORANDUM by Laurie Ann Pitts in support of [30-1] motion for Leave to File To Voluntarily Dismiss with prejudice KMART Corp., KMART HOLDING CORP., and FISHER-PRICE, Inc. as party defendants by Laurie Ann Pitts (lne) [Entry date 04/21/04]

ORDER granting [30-1] motion for Leave to File To Voluntarily Dismiss with prejudice KMART Corp., KMART HOLDING CORP., and FISHER-PRICE, Inc. as party defendants (signed by Judge B. Avant Edenfield); [EOD Date 4/22/04] copies served. (wwp)

ORDER denying [27-1] motion for Entry of Default as to Seneca Sports, Inc., denying [27-2] motion for Default Judgment against Seneca Sports, Inc. Within 15 days of the date this order is served, plaintiff shall show why the Court should not dismiss this case without prejudice. (signed by Judge B. Avant Edenfield); [EOD Date 5/20/04] copies served. (wwp)

CT Corporation mailed amended complaint which was sent to Seneca Sports, Inc., to the Clerk's Office with letter stating, "According to our records our statutory representation services were discontinued and all process sent to the last known address on our records were returned as undeliverable." (nys) [Entry date 05/21/04]

JOINT STATUS REPORT by Laurie Ann Pitts (wwp) [Entry date 05/26/04]

MOTION by Laurie Ann Pitts for Reconsideration of [33-1] order with brief in support. (wwp)

ORDER granting [35-1] motion for Reconsideration of [33-1] order. The Court grants pla' Laurie Ann Pitt's motion for leave to amend her complaint (signed by Judge B. Avant Edenfield); [EOD Date 6/15/04] copies served. (kts)
  1. The original caption included defendants Kmart Corporation, Kmart Holding Corporation, and Fischer-Price, Inc. All have since been dismissed. Doc. # 32. The Court has amended the above caption accordingly. All subsequent filings shall conform. ↩
  2. Upon bringing her action in state court, Pitts sent, by mail, a copy of the summons, Complaint, and request for waiver of service, to Seneca's registered agents in both Massachusetts (the state of its principal office) and Delaware (its state of incorporation). Seneca did not respond. Doc. # 27 exh. A ¶ 7. Following removal by another defendant, Pitts amended her Complaint and sent it to Seneca's Massachusetts registered agent. Doc. # 27 exh. A ¶ 10. That mailing, however, was returned by the Post Office as undeliverable.Id.¶ 11. Thereafter, she obtained a new summons from the Clerk of this Court, which, along with the Complaint and other documents, was private-process served on Seneca's registered agent in Massachusetts on 12/20/03. Doc. # 27 exh. A ¶¶ 13-16 exh. B. ↩
  3. The name of Pitt's minor son is inconsistent throughout the Complaint — referred to as both "George Lofton Pitts V" and "Quinn." Doc. # 7 ¶ 15. Such unclear writing needlessly burdens the Court. In that the caption references "George Lofton Pitts," the Court will stick with that version of the son's name. ↩
  4. The Court is authorized to grant theClerk'sentry of default.SeeRule 55(a);Patray v. Northwest Pub., Inc.,931 F. Supp. 865,868n. 3 (S.D.Ga. 1996). But that is merely a fact noted on the docket, after which the non-appearing party loses the right to receive notice of future proceedings.Id.At that point the plaintiff can further move for default judgment if the other conditions of Rule 55(b)(1) are met.Id. ↩
  5. For example, compareThanhwhere pre-existing bankruptcy record evidence and an affidavit (hence,evidence) supported most of the default elements, as pled in the movant's Complaint and default-motion affidavit,271 B.R. at 742, thus justifying a hearing to adduceevidenceon the rest.Id.at 747-48. ↩
  6. Though the issue is not ripe here, plaintiff should note that there may well arise due process considerations if she simply amends her Complaint (to satisfy Rules 8and55) and serves it under F.R.Civ.P.5, as opposed to complying with Rule 4's more demanding (yet more due-process-compliant) requirements. ↩