Opinion · Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Chiad SAELEE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Shirley S. CHATER, Commissioner of the Social Security Administration, Defendant-Appellee
Chiad SAELEE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Shirley S. CHATER, Comm’r of the Soc. Sec. Admin., Defendant-Appellee, 94 F.3d 520 (9th Cir. 1996)
- Type
- Opinion
- Court
- Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- Federal
- Date
- 1996-08-12
- Topic
- employee-benefits-and-executive-compensation
recognizing that non- examining doctors’ opinions “can amount to substantial evidence” if supported by other record evidence | observing that impairments were appropriately found non-severe because no physician had been able to find a link between Saelee’s “extremely vague” complaints and known medical pathologies | findings of a 7 nontreating, nonexamining physician can amount to substantial evidence, so long as other 8 evidence in the record supports those findings | findings of a nontreating, nonexamining 19 physician can amount to substantial evidence, so long as other evidence in the record supports those 20 findings | “[T]he findings of a nontreating, nonexamining physician can 4 amount to substantial evidence, so long as other evidence in the record supports 5 those findings.” | “[T]he findings of a nontreating, nonexamining physician can amount to 3 substantial evidence, so long as other evidence in the record supports those findings.” | “the findings of a nontreating, nonexamining physician can 7 amount to substantial evidence, so long as other evidence in the record supports those findings” | ALJ referred to cultural tendencies because physicians themselves suggested those tendencies might explain a not credible claimant’s symptoms | ALJ properly discounted treating physician’s report obtained solely for purposes of 26 administrative hearing | where a physician’s opinion is solicited by claimant’s counsel, that fact may be used in conjunction with other evidence in the record to question the physician’s credibility and disregard his opinions | internal citation 27 7 Plaintiff’s panic attacks were based, in part, on threats of retribution from his former gang. AR 637. Plaintiff’s 28 former gang affiliation was readily apparent from multiple visible gang tattoos, including facial tattoos. 1 omitted
Citator
- Cited by
- 349 opinions
SAELEE v. CHATER,94 F.3d 520(9th Cir. 1996)
CHIAD SAELEE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SHIRLEY S. CHATER, Commissioner of
the Social Security Administration,fn*Defendant-Appellee.
No. 94-16664
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
Submitted December 7, 1995fn**— San Francisco, California
Filed May 9, 1996
Amended August 12, 1996
Donna Wade Anderson, Assistant Regional Counsel, Department of Health and Human Services, San Francisco, California, for appellee.
D.C. No. CV-93-5220 OWW (DLB).
Before: J. Clifford Wallace and David R. Thompson, Circuit Judges, and John W. Sedwick, District Judge.fn***
[1] ORDER
[2] The opinion filed May 9, 1996, and published at83 F.3d 322(9th Cir. 1996) is amended as follows:
[3] At slip op. 5676-77, the last sentence of the last paragraph of the text, which sentence begins "In these circumstances," is deleted, and the following additional two paragraphs are inserted as the last paragraphs of the text of the opinion:
We have consistently held that "questions of credibility and resolution of conflicts in the testimony are functions solely of the Secretary." Allen v. Heckler,749 F.2d 577,580n. 1 (9th Cir. 1985) (quotations omitted). "The ALJ is responsible for determining credibility and resolving conflicts in medical testimony." Magallanes,881 F.2d at 750. Although in Lester v. Chater,81 F.3d 821(9th Cir. 1996), we stated that "[t]he purpose for which medical reports are obtained does not provide a legitimate basis for rejecting them," id. at 832, we also have permitted an ALJ to question a doctor's credibility because, as here, the doctor's opinion letter had been solicited by the claimant's counsel. See Burkhart v. Bowen,856 F.2d 1335(9th Cir. 1988). In Burkhart, we explained that the ALJ's comment was "a permissible credibility determination given the evidence before the ALJ." Id. at 1339. Because Lester could not have superseded our law established in Allen and Burkhart, see United States v. Camper,66 F.3d 229,232(9th Cir. 1995) ("only a panel sitting en banc may overturn existing Ninth Circuit precedent"), we assume Lester is limited to the particular circumstances presented therein.
[4] As in Burkhart, here the ALJ's conclusion that Dr. Aleman's solicited report was untrustworthy was a permissible credibility determination. The ALJ stated that Dr. Aleman's opinion "is worded in such a way that it strikes [him] as an effort by the physician to assist a patient even though there is no objective medical basis for the opinion." The ALJ pointed out that Dr. Aleman himself stated that he was unable to establish any organic basis for most of Saelee's complaints and that he relied on her subjective allegations, which the ALJ, in his discretion, disregarded as "entirely untrustworthy." Thus, the ALJ cited to evidence of "actual improprieties" in Dr. Aleman's report. See Lester,81 F.3d at 832. In these circumstances, the ALJ did not abuse his discretion in rejecting Dr. Aleman's opinion.
[5] AFFIRMED.
[6] OPINION
[8] DISCUSSION
[9] Saelee raises two issues on appeal. She contends the ALJ's finding that she was not disabled within the meaning of the Act was not supported by substantial evidence. Saelee also contends the ALJ erred in rejecting the findings and opinions of her treating physician in favor of the findings and opinions of nontreating consultants.
[10] The standard of review of a district court's grant of summary judgment is de novo. Marcia v. Sullivan,900 F.2d 172,174(9th Cir. 1990). Summary judgment is appropriate if there are no disputed issues of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Miller v. Heckler,770 F.2d 845,847(9th Cir. 1985). When reviewing factual determinations by the Commissioner, acting through the ALJ, regarding an individual's disability, we affirm if "substantial evidence" supports the determinations.42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Jones v.Page 522Heckler,760 F.2d 993,995(9th Cir. 1985). Substantial evidence is "more than a mere scintilla," Richardson v. Perales,402 U.S. 389,401(1971) (internal quotations omitted), but less than a preponderance. Sorenson v. Weinberger,514 F.2d 1112,1119n. 10 (9th Cir. 1975).
[11] There is ample evidence in the record to support the ALJ's determination that Saelee is not disabled. Saelee complains of numerous physical and psychological ailments that prevent her from engaging in any substantial work. With regard to Saelee's psychological impairments, the evidence showed that Saelee suffered from mild depression and possibly factitious disorder. The ALJ correctly determined that these psychological ailments were "nonsevere."
[12] With regard to Saelee's physical condition, except for her hearing impairment, numerous medical examinations failed to disclose any underlying medical cause of the ailments of which Saelee complained. With regard to Saelee's hearing impairment, the ALJ found her to be hearing impaired in one ear, but capable of normal hearing with the assistance of a hearing aid.
[13] The ALJ's decision discusses each of Saelee's alleged ailments in detail and correctly concludes that no physician has been able to find a link between Saelee's complaints and known medical pathologies. Lacking any organic basis, Saelee's complaints were deemed "extremely vague" by the ALJ.
[14] Saelee's conduct also raised doubts about the integrity of her complaints; in one instance, she was able to move about a doctor's office at ease despite claiming to be blind and, in another, she left a doctor's examination room limping heavily although she had no noticeable limp when she entered the room.
[15] Saelee argues that the physicians' opinions on which the ALJ relied were biased because they attributed her ailments in part to her culture. As a Mien, two consulting physicians concluded, Saelee suffered from a tendency to malinger which they suggested was common among people of her southeast Asian cultural descent.
[16] [1] While this analysis implicates concerns of ethnic stereotyping, the decision of the ALJ was not based on that, but rather upon the lack of any connection between Saelee's complaints and some organic medical condition. To the extent the ALJ discussed Saelee's supposed cultural tendencies, it was offered only as a possible explanation for the otherwise inexplicable causes of her complaints.
[17] [2] The ALJ's primary reliance on the findings of Dr. Hedberg, a medical consultant, was not an abuse of discretion. We have held that the findings of a nontreating, nonexamining physician can amount to substantial evidence, so long as other evidence in the record supports those findings. Andrews v. Shalala,53 F.3d 1035,1041(9th Cir. 1995); Magallanes v. Bowen,881 F.2d 747,752(9th Cir. 1989). Dr. Hedberg's opinion was corroborated by the opinions of other examining and consulting physicians, which in turn were based on independent clinical findings. The essence of these opinions was that Saelee suffered from no demonstrable physical condition, which controverted the testimony of Dr. Aleman, Saelee's treating physician.
[18] [3] Because Dr. Hedberg and the other examining physicians' opinions were based on "independent clinical findings," the ALJ had discretion to disregard Dr. Aleman's diagnosis. Andrews,53 F.3d at 1041. Exercising that discretion, the ALJ found Dr. Aleman's report untrustworthy because it was obtained solely for the purposes of the administrative hearing, varied from Dr. Aleman's own treatment notes, and was worded ambiguously in an apparent attempt to assist Saelee in obtaining social security benefits.
[19] We have consistently held that "questions of credibility and resolution of conflicts in the testimony are functions solely of the Secretary." Allen v. Heckler,749 F.2d 577,580n. 1 (9th Cir. 1985) (quotations omitted). "The ALJ is responsible for determining credibility and resolving conflicts in medical testimony." Magallanes,881 F.2d at 750. Although in Lester v. Chater,81 F.3d 821(9th Cir. 1996), we stated that "[t]he purpose for which medical reports are obtained does not provide a legitimate basis for rejecting them," id. at 832, we also have permitted anPage 523ALJ to question a doctor's credibility because, as here, the doctor's opinion letter had been solicited by the claimant's counsel. See Burkhart v. Bowen,856 F.2d 1335(9th Cir. 1988). In Burkhart, we explained that the ALJ's comment was "a permissible credibility determination given the evidence before the ALJ." Id. at 1339. Because Lester could not have superseded our law established in Allen and Burkhart, see United States v. Camper,66 F.3d 229,232(9th Cir. 1995) ("only a panel sitting en banc may overturn existing Ninth Circuit precedent"), we assume Lester is limited to the particular circumstances presented therein.
[20] As in Burkhart, here the ALJ's conclusion that Dr. Aleman's solicited report was untrustworthy was a permissible credibility determination. The ALJ stated that Dr. Aleman's opinion "is worded in such a way that it strikes [him] as an effort by the physician to assist a patient even though there is no objective medical basis for the opinion." The ALJ pointed out that Dr. Aleman himself stated that he was unable to establish any organic basis for most of Saelee's complaints and that he relied on her subjective allegations, which the ALJ, in his discretion, disregarded as "entirely untrustworthy." Thus, the ALJ cited to evidence of "actual improprieties" in Dr. Aleman's report. See Lester,81 F.3d at 832. In these circumstances, the ALJ did not abuse his discretion in rejecting Dr. Aleman's opinion.
[21] AFFIRMED.
- In accordance with section 106(d) of the Social Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994, P.L. No. 103-296, Shirley S. Chater, the Commissioner of Social Security, is substituted for Donna E. Shalala, Secretary of Health and Human Services, as defendant-appellee. Because the Secretary of Health and Human Services was responsible for actions of the Social Security Administration during the earlier proceedings reviewed here, we will refer to the defendant-appellee as "Secretary" rather than "Commissioner" for convenience. ↩
- The panel unanimously finds this case suitable for disposition without oral argument. Fed.R.App.P.34(a); 9th Cir. R. 34-4. ↩
- Hon. John W. Sedwick, United States District Judge for the District of Alaska, sitting by designation. ↩