Opinion · Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

Chester MARKS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Geri SOLCUM; Terri Solcum, Defendants-Appellees

98 F.3d 494

Type: Opinion
Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Jurisdiction: Federal
Date: 1996-10-18
Topic: litigation

holding that amended section 1915(e)(2) "merely affects the ability of prisoners to maintain appeals in forma pauperis" | holding that “three strikes” provision is merely procedural and raises no retroactivity concerns | sua sponte determining that prisoner's complaint fails to state a claim, and dismissing appeal pursuant to S 1915(e)(2) | “section 1915(e)(2) is a procedural rule”

Citator

Cited by: 66 opinions

MARKS v. SOLCUM,98 F.3d 494(9th Cir. 1996)

CHESTER MARKS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. GERI SOLCUM; TERRI SOLCUM,

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 96-15877

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Submitted October 7, 1996

Filed October 18, 1996

Chester Marks, Florence, Arizona, pro se for plaintiff-appellant.

No appearance for the defendants-appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Arizona. Richard M. Bilby, Senior District Judge, Presiding.

D.C. No. CV-96-00023-RMB.

Before: Robert R. Beezer, Alex Kozinski and Andrew J. Kleinfeld, Circuit Judges.

[1] OPINION

PER CURIAM:Page 495

[2] On April 26, 1996, the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1996 ("the Act"), Pub.L. No.104-134,110 Stat. 1321, was signed into law. A provision of the Act,28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) (as amended), applies to prisoner proceedings in forma pauperis and requires us to dismiss an appeal sua sponte at any time if the case is frivolous, malicious, fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief from a defendant immune from such relief. This appeal requires us to determine whether section 1915(e)(2) applies to appeals pending in this court on the date of its enactment. We conclude that it does.

[3] On January 9, 1996, Arizona state prisoner Chester Marks filed a pro se42 U.S.C. § 1983action against Pima County Jail Director of Nurses Geri Solcum and Nurse Terri Solcum. Marks alleged that the defendants acted with deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs by failing to provide him with his contact lens solution kit for a week. The district court sua sponte dismissed his complaint as frivolous under28 U.S.C. § 1915(d).

[4] Marks filed his notice of appeal on April 25, 1996, one day before the effective date of the Act. The district court granted him leave to proceed on appeal in forma pauperis.

II.

[5] We apply the analysis set forth in Landgraf v. USI Film Products,114 S.Ct. 1483(1994), in determining whether new section 1915(e)(2) applies to pending cases.

[6] We first consider "whether Congress has expressly prescribed the statute's proper reach." Id. at 1505. In the absence of an express command by Congress,Page 496we determine, as to each provision of a statute, whether it has retroactive effect. Id.

[7] The Act does not specify whether section 1915(e)(2) applies to pending cases. Because Congress did not prescribe the reach of section 1915(e)(2), we consider whether the provision has an impermissible retroactive effect.

[8] A statute has an impermissible retroactive effect if it would impair substantive rights a party possessed at the time it acted, increase a party's liability for past conduct, or impose new duties with respect to transactions already completed. Id. By contrast, "[c]hanges in procedural rules may often be applied in suits arising before their enactment without raising concerns about retroactivity." Id. at 1502.

[9] Because section 1915(e)(2) does not impair any substantive rights of prisoners, but instead merely affects the ability of prisoners to maintain appeals in forma pauperis, we conclude that section 1915(e)(2) is a procedural rule which raises no retroactivity concerns under Landgraf. See id. We hold that section 1915(e)(2) applies to all appeals pending on or after April 26, 1996, regardless of when the complaint or notice of appeal was filed.

III.

[10] Because section 1915(e)(2) applies to pending appeals, we apply the provision in this case. To state a claim under42 U.S.C. § 1983, Marks must have averred that the defendants' "acts or omissions [were] sufficiently harmful to evidence a deliberate indifference to serious medical needs." See Estelle v. Gamble,429 U.S. 97,106(1976). Because Marks' complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, we dismiss this appeal pursuant to section 1915(e)(2).

[11] DISMISSED.