Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States

Boehning v. Indiana State Employees Assn., Inc.

Boehning v. Ind. State Emps. Assn., Inc., 423 U.S. 6 (1975)

Type
Opinion
Court
Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction
Federal
Date
1975-11-11
Topic
general

How later courts describe this case

  • district court was correct to abstain in § 1983 suit until state court construction of Indiana Administrative Adjudication Act was sought

Citator

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Cited by
82 opinions

Headnotes

  1. Civil Procedure — Abstention Where a federal constitutional claim is asserted and the controlling state statutes have not yet been construed by the state courts, a federal district court may properly abstain from deciding the federal constitutional issue pending resolution of the state-law question in the state courts, at least where the relevant statutory provisions may fairly be read to grant the relief the plaintiff seeks on state-law grounds.
  2. Civil Procedure — Abstention A federal court of appeals errs in resolving a federal constitutional question in the plaintiff's favor rather than permitting the state courts to construe the relevant state statutes, where the statutes are susceptible of a construction that would afford the demanded relief and thereby obviate the constitutional issue.
  3. Civil Procedure — Abstention The propriety of Pullman abstention is strengthened where the construction of state law adopted by the federal court of appeals may itself fairly be said to raise federal constitutional problems, because state courts may be reluctant to attribute to their legislature an intention to pass a statute raising constitutional problems unless such legislative intent is particularly clear.
  4. Constitutional Law — Procedural Due Process In the context of a tenured employee's removal, the right to a preremoval hearing has been determined by the Supreme Court only where a statute provides notice and an opportunity to respond in writing before removal, coupled with a full hearing after removal.
Per Curiam.

Respondent Musgrave, an employee of the Indiana State Highway Commission, was dismissed for cause, her request for a pretermination hearing having been denied. She then brought this 42 U. S. C. § 1983 suit asserting hearing rights rooted in the Federal Constitution and seeking damages and injunctive relief. The District Court held that the controlling state statutes, as yet un-construed by the state courts, might require the hearing-demanded by respondent and so obviate decision on the constitutional issue. It therefore abstained until construction of the Indiana statutes had been sought in the state courts. The Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, finding nothing in the language of- the relevant state statutes that would support a claim for a pretermination hearing and then resolving the federal constitutional question in respondent's favor.

We reverse. Where the Indiana Administrative Adjudication Act is applicable, “[t]he final order or *7 determination of any issue or case applicable to a particular person shall not be made except upon hearing and timely notice of the time, place and nature thereof.” Ind. Code § 4-22-1-5 (1974). The Act applies to all issues or cases applicable to particular persons “excluding . . . the dismissal or discharge of an officer or employee by a superior officer, but including hearings on discharge or dismissal of an officer or employee for cause where the law authorizes or directs such hearing.” § 4-22-1-2. It may be that the Court of Appeals is correct in its “forecast,” see Railroad Comm’n v. Pullman Co., 312 U. S. 496, 499 (1941), that when construed together by the state courts, the Administrative Adjudication Act and the Indiana Bipartisan Personnel System Act, which is applicable to Highway Commission employees and which neither expressly authorizes nor precludes termination hearings, would not require the hearing respondent has demanded. On the other hand, the relevant statutory provisions may fairly be read to extend such hearing rights to respondent;* *8 and in these circumstances we conclude that the District Court was right to abstain from deciding the federal constitutional issue pending resolution of the state-law question in the state courts. Meridian v. Southern Bell T. & T. Co., 358 U. S. 639, 640 (1959); Reetz v. Bozanich, 397 U. S. 82 (1970); Harman v. Forssenius, 380 U. S. 528 (1965); Fornaris v. Ridge Tool Co., 400 U. S. 41 (1970); Railroad Comm’n v. Pullman Co., supra.

The petition for certiorari is granted, the judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed, and the case is remanded for further consideration consistent with this opinion.

So ordered.

The possibility that the Indiana state courts would adopt the construction contrary to that of the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit is somewhat enhanced by the fact that the construction adopted by the Seventh Circuit may fairly be said to raise federal constitutional problems under recent procedural due process decisions of this Court, e. g., Arnett v. Kennedy, 416 U. S. 134 (1974), particularly if, as the Seventh Circuit appears to have assumed, the Administrative Adjudication Act would leave respondent without a state-law right to a hearing at any time in connection with her dismissal for cause. The state courts may be reluctant to attribute to their legislature an intention to pass a statute raising constitutional problems, unless such legislative intent is particularly clear. See, e. g., Kent v. Dulles, 357 U. S. 116, 129-130 (1958); Johnson v. Robison, 415 U. S. 361, 366-367 (1974). See Field, Abstention in Constitutional Cases: The Scope of the Pullman Abstention Doctrine, 122 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1071, 1117-1118 (1974).

Although the question of respondent's federal constitutional right to a hearing at some time, in connection with a discharge for cause *8 may already have been resolved in respondent's favor in Perry v. Sindermann, 408 U. S. 593 (1972); Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U. S. 564 (1972); and Arnett v. Kennedy, supra, the tenured employee’s right to a preremoval hearing has been determined by this Court only in the context of a statute providing notice and an opportunity to respond in writing before removal coupled with a full hearing after removal. See concurring opinion of Powell, J., in Arnett v. Kennedy, supra, at 164, 170.