Zane v. United States

How later courts describe this case

• ordering preferential numerical relief for the Mississippi Highway Patrol where less drastic sanctions ordered by district court were insufficient to integrate the department
• referring to defendants as "killers," "warriors," "gangsters" did not rise to level of substantial prejudice
• ordering district court to impose further affirmative relief to remedy discrimination in state police employment practices; may include 1:1 or 1:2 Black-White hiring, the freezing of White hiring, or 'any other form of affirmative hiring relief until the Patrol is effectively integrated'
• unreasonable search to peer through space between the edges of truck doors that did not fit together properly
• no exigent circumstances "since two of the agents could have guarded the truck smelling of moonshine whiskey while the third obtained a warrant without significant risk of loss of evidence"
• trial judge did not abuse discretion in excluding, as impermissibly speculative, expert medical testimony with respect to the effect of the ingestion of one tablet of Desoxyn, a weight control drug, on a witness’ ability to see
• “officer’s presence at the vantage point from which he discovers the evidence in plain view must not amount to an unjustifiable intrusion into an area with respect to which defendant’s expectations of privacy are protected by the [FJourth [AJmendment”
• "officer's presence at the vantage point from which he discovers the evidence in plain view must not amount to an unjustifiable intrusion into an area with respect to which defendant's expectations of privacy are protected by the [F]ourth [A]mendment"