Citizens of Indianapolis for Quality Schools, Inc. v. United States

How later courts describe this case

• representation is adequate if, inter alia, representative does not have or represent an interest adverse to the proposed intervenor
• appealable error cannot be predicated on testimony brought out by cross-examination conducted on behalf of defendant-appellant
• both recognizing a presumption that a school board adequately represents its student’s interests absent a showing of gross negligence or bad faith
• local union bylaw allocating offices by race held unreasonable
• including evidence falling short of criminal conduct