Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States

United States Ex Rel. Polymeris v. Trudell

United States Ex Rel. Polymeris v. Trudell, 284 U.S. 279 (1932)

Type
Opinion
Court
Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction
Federal
Date
1932-02-15
Topic
general

How later courts describe this case

  • habeas petition filed by residents of Greek ancestry who left the United States and sought reentry after a lengthy trip abroad
  • alien held at the Canadian border

Citator

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Cited by
42 opinions

Headnotes

  1. Immigration — Reentry of Domiciled Aliens Under § 13(a) and (b) of the Immigration Act of May 26, 1924, and the executive regulations promulgated thereunder, an alien who was lawfully domiciled in the United States but who went abroad for a temporary visit cannot reenter the country unless the alien has either a valid immigration visa or a valid return permit. 284 U.S. at 280
  2. Immigration — Right to Enter the United States An alien has no right to enter the United States unless that right has been given by the United States, and the alien must show not only that the alien ought to be admitted but that the United States, through the only voice authorized to express its will, has said so. 284 U.S. at 281
  3. Habeas Corpus — Immigration — Burden of Proof In habeas corpus proceedings to determine an alien's right to enter the country, the burden of proof is upon the alien to establish that right. 284 U.S. at 281
UNITED STATESv. TRUDELL,284 U.S. 279(1932)
52 S.Ct. 143
UNITED STATES EX REL. POLYMERIS ET AL.v. TRUDELL, IMMIGRATION INSPECTOR.
CERTIORARI TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT.
No. 162.
Argued December 9, 1931.
Decided January 4, 1932.
1. Under the Immigration Act of May 26, 1924, § 13(a), (b), and the executive regulations pursuant thereto, an alien who was lawfully domiciled in this country but who went abroad for a temporary visit, cannot reenter unless he has either an immigration visa or a return permit. P. 280. 2. In habeas corpus to determine the right of an alien to enter the country, the burden of proof is upon the alien. P. 281.49 F.2d 730, affirmed.
CERTIORARI,post, p. 601, to review a judgment reversing an
order of the District Court discharging two aliens from the
custody of immigration officers by a writ of habeas corpus.
Mr. Harold Van Riperfor petitioners.Page 280Mr. Claude R. Branch, with whomSolicitor General Thacher,Assistant Attorney General Dodds, andMessrs. Frank M. ParrishandWilliam H. Riley, Jr., were on the brief, for respondent.
MR. JUSTICE HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.
The relators, Aspasia Polymeris and her daughter Antigone, are Greek citizens who lawfully entered the United States in 1909 and lived for a number of years in New York City, which became and remains their domicil. In 1923, on account of the illness of Aspasia's husband, they went back to Greece with the intention, which the courts below found that they retained, of making only a temporary visit. The death of the husband and the necessity of settling his estate prolonged their stay until 1924. Beginning in that year they made several unsuccessful applications to the United States Consul General at Athens for documents that would permit them to return to New York. Finally, in 1929, they got authority to cross Canada, on a pretended trip from Greece to Japan, and, in 1930, presented themselves at St. Albans, Vermont, for admission to the United States. They were taken into custody by the immigration inspector and sought release by habeas corpus, on the ground that they were entitled to enter the country. It was held that they "were properly excluded under § 13(a) of the Immigration Act of May 26, 1924,43 Stat. 153, 161, since the Secretary of Labor did not admit them in his discretion, . . . and neither presented an unexpired valid immigration visa or an unexpired valid permit to reenter in accordance with the regulations promulgated under § 13(b) of that Act."49 F.2d 730. A contrary decision was reached inJohnsonv.Keating,17 F.2d 50. Therefore a writ of certiorari was granted by this Court.

The relators have no right to enter the United States unless it has been given to them by the United States.Page 281The burden of proof is upon them to show that they have the right. Immigration Act of 1924, § 23,43 Stat. 165; Code, Title 8, § 221. By § 13, and the regulations under it, as remarked by the court below, a returning alien can not enter unless he has either an immigration visa or a return permit. The relators must show not only that they ought to be admitted but that the United States, by the only voice authorized to express its will, has said so. Obviously it has not done so, and therefore the judgment must be affirmed.Judgment affirmed.