Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States
Employers' Liability Assurance Corp. v. Cook
Employers' Liab. Assurance Corp. v. Cook, 281 U.S. 233 (1930)
- Type
- Opinion
- Court
- Supreme Court of the United States
- Jurisdiction
- Federal
- Date
- 1930-04-14
- Topic
- general
How later courts describe this case
- precluding state workers’ compensation award because “State lacked power to prescribe the rights and liabilities of the parties growing out of the accident”
Citator
UpLaw has not yet analyzed Employers' Liability Assurance Corp. v. Cook. The absence of a flag is not a finding that it is good law.
- Cited by
- 47 opinions
Headnotes
- Admiralty & Maritime Law — Maritime Jurisdiction — Unloading of Vessels The unloading of a ship is maritime in character and is not a matter of purely local concern. 281 U.S. at 236
- Admiralty & Maritime Law — Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction — Workmen's Compensation A claim arising out of injuries received by a workman while working in the hold of a ship assisting in unloading cargo falls within exclusive maritime jurisdiction, and the State lacks power to prescribe the rights and liabilities of the parties growing out of such an accident. 281 U.S. at 236
- Admiralty & Maritime Law — Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction — Scope of Employment Whether a workman's general employment contemplated that he would work regularly in unloading vessels, or only when specially directed to do so, is immaterial to the question whether exclusive maritime jurisdiction governs a claim for injuries sustained while unloading a vessel. 281 U.S. at 236
- Admiralty & Maritime Law — State Workmen's Compensation Acts — Elective Form That a state workmen's compensation act is elective in form does not affect the rights and liabilities of the parties in respect of a claim within exclusive maritime jurisdiction, and an employer does not surrender federally guaranteed rights merely by electing to accept a state compensation scheme covering matters within the State's control. 281 U.S. at 236
LIABILITY ASSURANCE CO.v. COOK,281 U.S. 233(1930)
50 S.Ct. 308
EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY ASSURANCE CORPORATION, LIMITEDv. COOK ET AL.
CERTIORARI TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT.
No. 81.
Argued January 14, 15, 1930.
Decided April 14, 1930.
CERTIORARI,280 U.S. 538, to review a judgment of the Circuit
Court of Appeals affirming a recovery in an action for personal
injuries, based on a state workmen's compensation law, which was
removed to the District Court from a state court.
There is no distinction between the case at bar and the case ofNorthern Coal Co. v.Strand,278 U.S. 142.
The argument that because the injury to the employee in the case at bar was not caused by tort, but was a pure accident and there was no relief in admiralty, the State of Texas could properly and legally legislate upon the subject, is not sound. Congress is given exclusive jurisdiction over all matters of admiralty and admiralty jurisdiction. Its failure to make provision in admiralty for accidental injuries does not leave the field of legislationPage 234in that respect open to the States.Southern Pacific Co. v.Jensen,244 U.S. 205.
Distinguishing:Grant Smith-Porter Co. v.Rohde,257 U.S. 469;Millers' Ind. Underwritersv.Braud,207 U.S. 59.Mr. Sam C. Polk, with whomMessrs. D.A. SimmonsandIraJ. Allenwere on the brief, for respondents.
The enforcement of the rights of the employee under the provisions of the state compensation act, which both the employee and employer have elected to accept, does not work a material prejudice to any characteristic feature of the general maritime law, and is not in conflict with the constitutional provision extending the judicial power of the United States "to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction." Citing:Alaska PackersAss'nv.Industrial Comm'n,276 U.S. 467;Grant Smith-PorterCo. v.Rohde,257 U.S. 469;Millers' Ind. Underwritersv.Braud, 27C U.S. 59;Lindbergv.Southern Cas. Co.,18 F.2d 453, cert. denied,274 U.S. 759;State Industrial Comm'nv.Nordenholt Corp'n,259 U.S. 263;State Industrial Boardv.T. T. Co.,273 U.S. 639;Ketchikan L. S. Co. v.Bishop,24 F.2d 63;Ex parte Havard,211 Ala. 605;Ex parteRosengrant,213 Ala. 202, aff'd273 U.S. 664;Oaklandv.Industrial Comm'n,198 Cal. 273;Atlantic Coast Shipping Co. v.Royster,148 Md. 433;Toland's Case,258 Mass. 470;Southern Surety Co. v.Crawford,274 S.W. 280, cert. denied,270 U.S. 655;Scottv.Dep't of Labor,130 Wn. 598;Eclipse Mill Co. v.Dep't of Labor,141 Wn. 172.
The Ford Motor Company carried a policy of Workmen's Compensation Insurance with the petitioner, Employers' Liability Assurance Corporation, Ltd., of London, England, which undertook to protect the assured against loss by reason of injuries to its employees.
Purporting to proceed under the Workmen's Compensation Act of Texas respondents presented to the Industrial Accident Board a claim for compensation because of Cook's death, against both the Motor Company and the insurer. This was denied upon the ground that the death "was due to a condition in no way incident to or associated with his employment." As permitted by the statute respondents refused to abide by the action of the Board and brought suit in the state court.
They alleged — "While in the course of his employment, said Hal Cook was instructed by said Ford Motor Company to assist in unloading a ship or vessel belonging to the said Ford Motor Company then anchored at the wharves at Houston Ship Channel at Houston, Texas, and while so engaged said Hal Cook suffered severe injuries in that while he and other employees of the said Ford Motor Company were unloading from said ship the cargo thereon, consisting of axles and various other parts of automobiles, and transferring the same to the wharves where said ship was anchored, the said Hal Cook, while lifting said automobile parts, received a severe strain to the internal muscles of his back . . .," which caused his death.
They asked for judgment setting aside the award of the Board and for compensation as provided by the statute.Page 236
The cause was removed to the United States District Court. It heard the evidence, denied a motion for an instructed verdict in favor of the petitioner, submitted the matter to a jury and upon a verdict in respondents' favor entered judgment. Appeal was taken to the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit which held — "We think it fairly can be said that the matter of unloading these two ships of the Ford Motor Co. at rare intervals was `of merely local concern, and its regulation by the state will work no material prejudice to any feature of the general maritime law.'"
The record plainly discloses that while in the course of his employment and at work in the hold assisting in unloading a vessel afloat on navigable waters Cook received injuries out of which this suit arose. There is nothing in principle to differentiate this case fromNorthern Coal Companyv.Strand,278 U.S. 142, and the judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals must be reversed.
SeeNogueirav.New York, N.H. H.R.R. Co., decided this day,ante, p. 128.
The proceeding to recover under the State Compensation Act necessarily admitted that the decedent was employed by the insured when injured. Any right of recovery against the insurance carrier depends upon the liability of the assured. Whether Cook's employment contemplated that he should work regularly in unloading vessels or only when specially directed so to do is not important. The unloading of a ship is not matter of purely local concern as we have often pointed out. Under the circumstances disclosed the State lacked power to prescribe the rights and liabilities of the parties growing out of the accident. The fact that the Compensation Law of the State was elective in form does not aid the respondents. The employer did not surrender rightsPage 237guaranteed to him by the Federal law merely by electing to accept one of two kinds of liability in respect of matters within the State's control, either of which she had power to impose upon him.
The judgment of the court below must be reversed. The cause will be remanded for further proceedings in conformity with this opinion.Reversed.
Opinion of MR. JUSTICE STONE.
As the Court, inNorthern Coal Dock Companyv.Strand,278 U.S. 142, held that one engaged as a stevedore in unloading a ship lying in navigable waters is a seaman within the meaning of the Jones Act,41 Stat. 1007, 46 U.S.C.A., § 688;InternationalStevedoring Companyv.Haverty,272 U.S. 50, and that by that Act Congress had occupied the field and excluded all state legislation having application within it, I am content to rest this case on that ground. SeeNogueirav.N.Y., N.H.H.R.R., decided this day,ante, p. 128. But I do not agree that the present case is so exclusively controlled by the maritime law that workmen otherwise in the situation of respondent, but who are not seamen and therefore not given a remedy by the Jones Act, and who are not within the purview of the Employers' Liability Act,35 Stat. 65(45 U.S.C.A., § 51), are excluded from the benefits of a compensation act like that of Texas. The Court held otherwise inRosengrantv.Havard,273 U.S. 664, commented on in my opinion inJohn Baizley Iron Worksv.Span, decided this day,ante, p. 222.
The present case arose before the effective date of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Act,44 Stat. 424(33 U.S.C.A., §§ 901, 950). But the remedies given by that Act are withheld where recovery may be had under local compensation acts, and not all persons engaged inPage 238unloading a vessel are entitled to recover under it, even though without remedy under local compensation laws. See § 3(a) [33 U.S.C.A., § 903(a)].
MR. JUSTICE HOLMES and MR. JUSTICE BRANDEIS concur.