Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States
Pierce Oil Corp. v. Hopkins
Pierce Oil Corp. v. Hopkins, 264 U.S. 137 (1924)
- Type
- Opinion
- Court
- Supreme Court of the United States
- Jurisdiction
- Federal
- Date
- 1924-02-18
- Topic
- bankruptcy
Mr. Justice Brandéis delivered the opinion of the Court. A statute of Arkansas provides that one who sells gasoline tO' be used by the purchaser in motor vehicles on highways of the State “ shall collect from such purchaser, in addition to the usual charge therefor, the sum of one cent (1‡) per gallon for each gallon so sold;” that the dealer shall register with the county clerk in every county in which he does business; shall file each month a report of the sales made within the county during the preceding-month; shall personally pay over each month the amount of the taxes accrued thereon; and that failure to file the report or to pay such amount is a misdemeanor which subjects the dealer to a fine. Act No. 606, March 29, 1921, Acts of Arkansas, 1921, p. 685. To enjoin the enforcement of the law the Pierce Oil Corporation brought, in the federal court for Western Arkansas, this suit against taxing officials.
Citator
UpLaw has not yet analyzed Pierce Oil Corp. v. Hopkins. The absence of a flag is not a finding that it is good law.
- Cited by
- 50 opinions
Headnotes
- Constitutional Law — Due Process A state that has power to regulate the business of selling gasoline, and to tax the privilege of carrying on that business, is not prevented by the due process clause from requiring the seller to collect the tax from the purchaser at the time of sale, even though the seller must also bear the incidental expense of collecting the tax and making monthly reports and payments, where the statute affords the seller the means of reimbursement by directing collection from the purchaser. 260 U.S. 137, 139
- Constitutional Law — Vagueness A contention that a statute is void for uncertainty as to render it a nullity is answered where, after entry of judgment in the trial court, the highest court of the state has construed the statute so as to remove all uncertainty; and the construction given the statute by the state's highest court is binding on the federal courts. 260 U.S. 137, 139
- Constitutional Law — Scope of Review A constitutional challenge to a state statute that was not raised in the lower courts will not be considered on appeal. 260 U.S. 137, 139
- Constitutional Law — State Constitutions Where, after an appeal was taken, the highest court of the state upheld the statute against a challenge under the state constitution, that question is no longer before the federal courts. 260 U.S. 137, 139
delivered the opinion of the Court.
A statute of Arkansas provides that one who sells gasoline tO' be used by the purchaser in motor vehicles on highways of the State “ shall collect from such purchaser, in addition to the usual charge therefor, the sum of one cent (1‡) per gallon for each gallon so sold;” that the dealer shall register with the county clerk in every county in which he does business; shall file each month a report of the sales made within the county during the preceding-month; shall personally pay over each month the amount of the taxes accrued thereon; and that failure to file the report or to pay such amount is a misdemeanor which subjects the dealer to a fine. Act No. 606, March 29, 1921, Acts of Arkansas, 1921, p. 685. To enjoin the enforcement of the law the Pierce Oil Corporation brought, in the federal court for Western Arkansas, this suit against taxing officials. The trial court dismissed the bill, without opinion. Its decree was affirmed by the Circuit Court of Appeals. 282 Fed 253. The case is here under § 241 of the Judicial Code. Whether the statute is valid is the sole question for decision. The claims are that the statute violates the due process clause of the Federal Constitution; and that it is void for uncertainty. 1
*139 The claim that the act violates the due process clause rests upon the argument that the tax levied is a privilege tax for the use of the highways by the purchasers; that the seller is required to pay the tax laid on the purchasers; that; unlike those cases where a bank is required to pay taxes assessed against stockholders or depositors, Citizens National Bank v. Kentucky, 217 U. S. 443; Clement National Bank v. Vermont, 231 U. S. 120, the seller is not afforded the means of reimbursing himself; and that, moreover, the mere process of collecting the tax from the purchaser, and making monthly reports and payments, subjects the seller to an appreciable expense. A short answer to this argument is that the seller is directed to collect the tax from the purchaser when he makes the sale; and that a State which has, under its constitution, power to regulate the business of selling gasoline (and doubtless, also, the power to tax the privilege of carrying on that business) is not prevented by the due process clause from imposing the incidental burden.
The claim that the law is void for uncertainty is not urged as a violation of the due process clause. Compare International Harvester Co. v. Kentucky, 234 U. S. 216; Fox v. Washington, 236 U. S. 273. The argument, that there inheres in the statute such uncertainty as to render it a nullity, is answered by the fact that, since the judgment was entered in the trial court, all uncertainty has been removed by the decision of the highest court of the State in Standard Oil Co. v. Brodie, 153 Ark. 114. There the act was construed as requiring sellers to collect and pay the tax only on such gasoline as they have reason to believe purchasers from them will use in motors on the highways.
Affirmed.
In the District Court the plaintiff challenged the validity of the law also under the state constitution. But after the appeal was taken, the statute was upheld by the highest court of the State in Standard Oil v. Brodie, 153 Ark. 114. So that question is not before us. In this Court, it was argued that the statute violates the equal protection clause. As the contention was not made below, it is not considered. That the remedy at law was not adequate is conceded.