Is Cleveland Trust Co. v. Lander still good law?

Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States

Cleveland Trust Co. v. Lander

Cleveland Tr. Co. v. Lander, 184 U.S. 111 (1902)

Type: Opinion
Court: Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction: Federal
Date: 1902-02-24
Topic: bankruptcy

How later courts describe this case

applying this reasoning to the stock of state-created banks

Citator

UpLaw has not yet analyzed Cleveland Trust Co. v. Lander. The absence of a flag is not a finding that it is good law.

Cited by: 38 opinions

Headnotes

Tax Law — National Banks — Shares Section 5219 of the Revised Statutes of the United States permits the States to assess and tax shares of shareholders in national banks and corporations, subject only to the limitations that the taxation shall not be at a greater rate than is assessed upon other moneyed capital in the hands of individual citizens of the State and that the shares of nonresidents shall be taxed in the city or town where the bank is located, and not elsewhere. 184 U.S. 111
Tax Law — National Banks — Nature of Tax on Shares The tax authorized by section 5219 is a tax on the shares, which are the property of the shareholder, not a tax on the capital of the bank, which is the property of the corporation; shares are the whole interest of the holder, without diminution on account of the kind of property that constitutes the capital stock of the bank. 184 U.S. 111
Constitutional Law — State Taxation — Certification from State Court What a State's constitution or statutes require as to taxation is a matter left to the state supreme court to decide, and its decision is not open to review or objection in the federal courts, even if its reasoning be illogical, where the federal right asserted is not shown to have been violated and the manner of taxation is legal under the statutes of the United States. 184 U.S. 111
Tax Law — Federal Instrumentalities — United States Bonds A state tax on the shares of a banking corporation, computed without deduction of the value of United States bonds held by the corporation, does not infringe any federal immunity where the tax is imposed on the shares as the property of the shareholders rather than on the capital of the corporation, and section 5219 and section 3701 of the Revised Statutes of the United States are in harmony and may both be given effect. 184 U.S. 111

CLEVELAND TRUST CO.v. LANDER,184 U.S. 111(1902)

CLEVELAND TRUST COMPANYv. LANDER.

ERROR TO THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF OHIO.

No. 88.

Argued January 10, 1902.

Decided February 24, 1902.

What the constitution of the State of Ohio requires or what the statutes of that State require as to taxation, must be left in this case to be decided by the Supreme Court of the State, and its decision is not open to review or objection here. The manner of taxation in this case being legal under the statutes of the United States, its effect cannot be complained of in Federal tribunals.

THIS is a writ of error, to review the judgment of the Supreme

Court of the State of Ohio, which sustained the ruling of the

Court of Common Pleas of Cuyahoga County, dismissing upon the

demurrer of the defendant in error the petition of the plaintiff

in error praying for an order and decree restraining the

collection of taxes levied upon the shares of the stockholders of

plaintiff in error.62 Ohio 266.

The plaintiff (plaintiff in error was plaintiff in the court

below) is a banking corporation with a capital stock of $500,000,

divided into 5000 shares of $100 each, all of which are paid up,

and for which certificates are outstanding and owned by a large

number of persons, most of whom reside in Ohio.

The plaintiff made in due time return of its resources and

liabilities, in accordance with section 2765 of the Revised

Statutes of Ohio, to the auditor of the county, together with a

full statement of the names and residences of the stockholders of

the company, and with the number of shares held by each and the

par value thereof, as required by the statute. The return

included its real estate and one hundred and seventy-four bonds

Page 112

of the United States of the denomination of $1000 each, "then and

for a long time prior thereto owned by the plaintiff and in which

the plaintiff had invested its capital stock." The plaintiff

valued these bonds at the sum of $213,274.81, and in its return

deducted that sum from the $500,000 par value of paid-in capital

stock included among the liabilities of the plaintiff, leaving a

balance of $286,725.19.

The county auditor refused to allow the deduction of the

government bonds, and fixed the value of the shares of the

capital stock at $338,700, exclusive of the assessed value of the

real estate. No notice of this action was given plaintiff or its

stockholders, nor did plaintiff or its stockholders know until

the 11th of November, 1898, that said bonds had been included in

fixing the valuation of the shares of the bank.

It is alleged in the petition that it is the custom of banks

and banking institutions throughout the State of Ohio to deduct

the value of government bonds from the paid-in capital stock

returned, "although not so apparent upon the face of their

returns to the several county auditors; that said bonds were by

the banks and banking associations of this State so deducted in

the return for 1897; that similar deductions of the United States

government bonds are likewise made by unincorporated banks in the

State of Ohio under and by virtue of the Revised Statutes of the

State of Ohio, sec. 2759; that the auditor of Cuyahoga County and

the county auditors elsewhere throughout the State, as this

plaintiff is informed and believes, did not include United States

government bonds so owned in fixing the total value for 1898 of

the shares of the several incorporated banks of Ohio, as directed

by section 2766 of the Revised Statutes of Ohio."

The county auditor entered the valuation of the property of

plaintiff, including said government bonds, upon the tax

duplicate of the county, and assessed taxes against the same at

the rate of .02955 cents on each dollar's valuation of the

shares, making an excess of taxation of $4283.71, and that that

sum stands against said shareholders upon the tax duplicate in

the hands of the defendant, "together with the remaining amount

of taxes lawfully assessed against them upon the valuation so

fixed by the county auditor."

Page 113

The plaintiff tendered the sum which it regarded as legally

due, and alleged the grounds upon which it claimed equitable

relief.

The error in the judgment of the Supreme Court of the State is

assigned as follows:

"First. The court erred in affirming the judgment of the

circuit court in sustaining the judgment of the Court of Common

Pleas on the demurrer of the defendant to the petition of the

plaintiff.

"Second. The court erred in holding and deciding that the

Cleveland Trust Company was not entitled, in making its statement

to the auditor of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, under section 2765 of

the Revised Statutes of Ohio, to deduct, for the purpose of

taxation, from its capital and surplus, the amount of the United

States government bonds owned by it under and by virtue of

section 3701 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, as

claimed in the original petition of the plaintiff."

Mr. James Rudolph Garfieldfor plaintiff in error.Mr.Harry A. GarfieldandMr. Frederic C. Howewere on his brief.Mr. P.H. Kaiserfor defendant in error.Mr. O.L. Neffwas on his brief.

MR. JUSTICE McKENNA, after stating the case, delivered the opinion of the court.

The argument of the plaintiff in error claims a greater immunity from taxation for the shares of the Trust Company than section 5219 of the Revised Statutes of the United States gives to shares in national banks. That section permits the States to assess and tax the shares of shareholders in national banks, with the limitations only "that the taxation shall not be at any greater rate than is assessed upon other moneyed capital in the hands of individual citizens of such State;" and that the shares of non-residents "shall be taxed in the city or town where the bank is located, and not elsewhere." The prayer of the petitionPage 114is also opposed by decisions of this court. InVan Allenv.The Assessors, 3 Wall. 573, the provision contained in section 5219 — then a part of the act of Congress of June 3, 1864 — came up for consideration. There was a dispute as to the meaning of the statute, and its validity was also assailed. The court asserted a distinction between the property of the bank and corporation as such, and the property of the shareholders as such, and held that the tax authorized by the statute was a tax on the shares, the property of the shareholder, not a tax on the capital of a bank, the property of the corporation. The validity of the statute was sustained, and interpreting it the court said that it authorized the taxation of such shares, and shares were defined to be the whole interest of the holder without diminution on account of the kind of property which constituted the capital stock of the bank. Of the provisions of the act expressing this purpose and the right of the State to tax the court said nothing "could be made plainer or more direct and comprehensive." The case was subsequently affirmed. 4 Wall. 244; 4 Wall. 259;121 U.S. 138.

The plaintiff concedes the distinction between the property of the corporation represented by its capital stock and the property of the shareholders represented by their shares, and bases an argument upon that distinction, and yet excludes from consideration, as immaterial to the questions at issue, the laws of Congress governing the taxation of the shares. The reasoning advanced is that under the laws and constitution of the State of Ohio the property of the trust company "must be and is subject to taxation;" and "that the sections of the statutes of the State of Ohio which provide the method for determining this tax value, so far as they apply to such trust company, simply prescribe a convenient method for arriving at the true value in money of the property of the corporation." And the deduction is made "that, in determining the value of such property for taxation, the trust company is entitled to deduct from its capital and surplus the value of the United States government bonds then owned by it." In other words, the contention is that the tax on the shares being equivalent to a tax on the property of the trust company, there must be deducted fromPage 115the value of the shares that portion of the capital of the company invested in the United States bonds.

The answer to the contention is obvious and may be brief. The contention destroys the separate individuality recognized, as we have seen, by this court, of the trust company and its shareholders, and seeks to nullify one provision of the Revised Statutes of the United States (section 5219) by another (section 3701), between which there is no want of harmony. And what the constitution of the State of Ohio requires, or what the statutes of the State require as to taxation, must be left to be decided by the Supreme Court of the State, and whether that court has decided, logically or illogically, that a tax authorized by the laws of the United States on the shares of the company satisfies the constitution of the State as a tax on the corporation, is not open to our review or objection. The manner of taxation being legal under the statutes of the United States, its effect cannot be complained of in the Federal tribunals. We do not mean to be understood as implying that the plaintiff's view of the constitution of the State, or of the laws of the State, is correct. The inquiry is not necessary. Accepting such view as correct, plaintiff shows no right, under the Constitution or laws of the United States, which has been violated.Judgment affirmed.

MR. JUSTICE HARLAN did not hear the argument and took no part in the decision.