Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States

Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Co. v. Ferris

Mo., Kan. & Tex. Ry. Co. v. Ferris, 179 U.S. 602 (1900)

Type: Opinion
Court: Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction: Federal
Date: 1900-12-24
Topic: general

How later courts describe this case

“Moot questions require no answer.”

Citator

UpLaw has not yet analyzed Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Co. v. Ferris. The absence of a flag is not a finding that it is good law.

Cited by: 18 opinions

Headnotes

Federal Courts & Jurisdiction — Jurisdiction — Federal Question Where the final ruling of a state court rests upon a state of facts that renders the challenged state statute wholly inapplicable to the case, no Federal question remains for review by the Supreme Court, and expressions of opinion concerning the statute's validity that were unnecessary to the decision will not be considered, as moot questions require no answer. 179 U.S. at 606
Civil Procedure — Discovery Under a statute permitting a party to propound interrogatories to the opposing party, a certificate of an officer that the party refused to answer is not conclusive, and the interrogatories will not be taken as confessed where the refusal was not willful and contumacious; a party may decline to answer until afforded a reasonable opportunity to consult with counsel, and a refusal made without such opportunity should be suppressed upon a proper motion supported by proof of the facts. 179 U.S. at 606

MISSOURI, KANSAS c. R'Y CO.v. FERRIS,179 U.S. 602(1900)

21 S.Ct. 231

MISSOURI, KANSAS AND TEXAS RAILWAY COMPANYv. FERRIS.

ERROR TO THE COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS FOR THE THIRD SUPREME JUDICIAL DISTRICT

OF THE STATE OF TEXAS.

No. 349.

Submitted December 3, 1900.

Decided December 24, 1900.

The final ruling of the state court at the trial of this case being based upon a state of facts which put the state statute in question entirely out of the case, no Federal question remained for the consideration of this court.

THIS was an action commenced in the District Court of Bastrop

County, Texas, on January 31, 1899, by the defendants in error,

as plaintiffs, to recover damages sustained by the death of their

father, charged to have been occasioned through the negligence of

the railway company. Judgment having been rendered in favor of

the plaintiffs, it was taken on appeal to the Court of Civil

Appeals for the Third Supreme Judicial District of the State of

Texas, and by that court affirmed. An application to the Supreme

Court of the State for a writ of error having been denied, this

writ of error was sued out.

The case presents these facts: An act of the legislature of

the State of Texas, passed February 5, 1858, appearing in

chapter 3, title 40, Revised Statutes of 1895, in the following sections

reads:

"ARTICLE 2293. Either party to a suit may examine the opposing

party as a witness, upon interrogatories filed in the cause, and

shall have the same process to obtain his testimony as in the

case of any other witness, and his examination shall be

conducted, and his testimony received, in the same manner and

according to the same rules which apply in the case of any other

witness, subject to the provisions of the succeeding articles of

this chapter.

"ARTICLE 2294. It shall not be necessary to give notice of the

filing of the interrogatories or to serve a copy thereof on the

adverse party, before a commission shall issue to take the

answers thereto, nor shall it be any objection to the

interrogatories that they are leading in their character.

Page 603

"ARTICLE 2295. A commission to take the answers of the party

to the interrogatories filed shall be issued by the clerk or

justice, and shall be executed and returned by any authorized

officer as in other cases."

"ARTICLE 2297. If the party interrogated refuses to answer the

officer executing the commission shall certify such refusal, and

any interrogatory which the party refuses to answer, or which he

answers evasively, shall be taken as confessed."

On April 22, 1897, this amendment was made:

"Where either party to any suit is a corporation, neither

party thereto shall be permitted to takeex partedepositions."

Texas General Laws, 1897, p. 117.

Prior to the trial an effort was made to take the testimony of

two of the plaintiffs, Sam Ferris and Frank Ferris, the one 14

years of age and the other 12 years of age. Interrogatories were

prepared by the defendant, and the clerk of the court was

designated as the officer to take the depositions. On the trial

he testified in substance that he went to the place where the

boys were living with their uncle; that the uncle refused to

permit them to be questioned, though neither of the boys was

asked any question or declined to answer any interrogatory. He

further testifies that the uncle "told me that he had seen no

attorney; . . . that he would bring the boys to town that

afternoon to see their attorneys, and then if there was no

objection Judge Garwood (counsel for defendant) could ask them

what he wanted to."

The trial court overruled the motion of defendant to take the

interrogatories confessed as against the two plaintiffs. The

defendants in error in this court moved to dismiss the writ of

error or to affirm the judgment.

Mr. J.W. Parkerfor the motion.Mr. H.M. Garwoodopposing.

MR. JUSTICE BREWER delivered the opinion of the court.

This case is before us on a motion to dismiss or affirm. ThePage 604parties being citizens of the same State, the jurisdiction of this court is invoked on the alleged ground of a Federal question. It is contended that the amendment of April 22, 1897, which takes away in cases in which a corporation is a party on either side the right to preliminaryex partedepositions, is in conflict with the Fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution, inasmuch as it is unwarranted class legislation, and denies the equal protection of the laws.

If we examine the opinion of the Court of Civil Appeals, or the proceedings in the Supreme Court of the State, we find no reference to that question. It either was not called to the attention of those tribunals or was unnoticed by them. Turning to the record of the trial in the District Court it appears that when the interrogatories were presented, together with the certificate of the clerk that the two plaintiffs named had refused to answer, the court ruled that the act of April 22, 1897, was constitutional; that, therefore, the defendant had no right to present such interrogatories, and overruled its motion that they be taken as confessed; and that the defendant excepted upon the ground of a conflict between such statute and the Fourteenth Amendment. It further appears that thereupon the plaintiffs asked permission to introduce testimony in respect to such refusal, and the testimony being produced, it was disclosed that the only refusal was that of the uncle; that the boys not only did not decline to answer, but were not even asked any of the interrogatories; and that the uncle declared that he would take the boys to town that afternoon to consult attorneys, and then, if there was no objection, the defendant's counsel might ask them what he wished. Upon this testimony the court again overruled the motion of the defendant to take the interrogatories as confessed.

While the court, in the first instance, expressed an opinion that the act of 1897 was constitutional, yet its final ruling was based upon the disclosure made by the testimony. That disclosure was of facts which, under the original statute and irrespective of the amendment of 1897, did not, according to the rulings of the Supreme Court of the State, entitle the defendant to have the interrogatories taken as confessed. InWoffordv.Page 605Farmer,90 Tex. 651[90 Tex. 651], it appeared that the notary acting for the defendants, without having given any previous notice, came to the plaintiff and demanded that he should answer the interrogatories; that the plaintiff refused to answer, assigning as a reason that he wished to see his attorneys, and that it was necessary that he should examine some papers before giving his answers. The Supreme Court sustained the action of the trial court in declining to hold the interrogatories taken as confessed, saying (p. 654):

"The statute gives a party to whom interrogatories are propounded by his adversary the right `in answer to the questions propounded to state any matter connected with the cause and pertinent to the issue to be tried.' Rev. Stat. art. 2296. Consultation with his counsel is necessary to a judicious exercise of this right. The privilege given by the statute to a party to a suit to propound interrogatories to the opposite party for the purpose of discovering evidence is an important one; but in our opinion was not given for the purpose of entrapping his adversary, and hence the latter should not be denied the right of consultation with his attorney. A refusal to answer without giving a reasonable time for such consultation should not be deemed contumacious, and a certificate made under such circumstances should, upon a proper motion, supported by proof of the facts, be suppressed.Boundsv.Little,75 Tex. 316[75 Tex. 316];Robertsonv.Melasky,84 Tex. 559[84 Tex. 559]."

The cases cited in this quotation go to sustain the proposition that the refusal of the party to answer must be willful and contumacious. Such being the construction placed by the Supreme Court of the State upon the statute, the trial court properly held that the certificate of the officer to the refusal of the plaintiffs was not conclusive, and that upon the facts as disclosed, the interrogatories should not be taken as confessed. Now, whatever may have been the opinion of the trial court as to the validity of the act of 1897, no matter what may have been said in the progress of the trial in respect to its validity, if the final ruling was based upon a state of facts which put the act entirely out of the case, it cannot be that we are called upon to consider any expression of opinion concerning it, for such expressionPage 606was not necessary for the decision. Moot questions require no answer.

This being the only matter suggested, and it appearing that the Federal question stated in the record calls for no decision, judgment isAffirmed.