Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States
Union Refrigerator Transit Co. v. Lynch
Union Refrigerator Transit Co. v. Lynch, 177 U.S. 149 (1900)
- Type
- Opinion
- Court
- Supreme Court of the United States
- Jurisdiction
- Federal
- Date
- 1900-03-21
- Topic
- general
Mr. Chirr Justice Fuller, after stating the case, delivered the opinion of the court. The constitution of the State of Utah provided that: .“All *152 property in the State, not exempt under the laws of the United States, or under this constitution, shall be taxed in proportion to its value, to be ascertained as provided by law; ” and that: “ All corporations or persons in this State, or doing business herein, shall be subject to taxation for state, county, school, municipal or other purposes, on the real and personal property owned or used by them witliin the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax.” Constitution, Art. 13, §§ 2, 10. Some question was raised in the Supreme Court of Utah as to the proper construction and scope of the state statutes in respect of taxation, but the court held that by those laws all property, owned or used by railway, car, telephone, telegraph and other companies, within the territorial limits of the State, was subjected to taxation according to its value regardless of the domicil of its owner. The contention on this writ of error is that the taxation of the ten cars of plaintiff in error was forbidden by the Constitution of the United States because they had no situs for that purpose in the State of Utah, and the tax imposed a burden on interstate commerce.
Citator
UpLaw has not yet analyzed Union Refrigerator Transit Co. v. Lynch. The absence of a flag is not a finding that it is good law.
- Cited by
- 44 opinions
Headnotes
- Tax Law — State Taxation Where a corporation of one State brings into another State a portion of its movable personal property to use and employ, it is legitimate for the latter State to impose upon such property, thus used and employed, its fair share of the burdens of taxation imposed upon similar property used in like manner by its own citizens. 177 U.S. at 154 (quoting American Refrigerator Transit Co. v. Hall, 174 U.S. 70)
- Tax Law — Assessment of Movable Property A State may tax movable personal property brought within its borders and employed there for profit even where the specific and individual items of property so used are not continuously the same but are constantly changing according to the exigencies of the business, and the tax may be fixed by an appraisement and valuation of the average amount of the property thus habitually used and employed. 177 U.S. at 154
- Constitutional Law — Commerce Clause The fact that movable property is employed as vehicles of transportation in the interchange of interstate commerce does not render its taxation by the State in which it is used invalid. 177 U.S. at 154
- Tax Law — Presumptions — Assessment In the absence of any allegation that an assessment by a state board of equalization was unreasonable, unjust, or in excess of the valuation of other like property for taxation, or that the method of apportionment was erroneous, the presumption is that the action of the taxing officers was correct and regular, and that the number of cars assessed was the average number used and employed by the taxpayer within the State during the taxable year. 177 U.S. at 156
UNION REFRIGERATOR TRANSIT CO.v. LYNCH,177 U.S. 149(1900)
20 S.Ct. 631
UNION REFRIGERATOR TRANSIT COMPANYv. LYNCH.
ERROR TO THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF UTAH.
No. 207.
Argued March 21, 1900.
Decided April 9, 1900.
THE Union Refrigerator Transit Company filed its bill in the
District Court in and for Salt Lake County, State of Utah,
against Stephen H. Lynch, treasurer of Salt Lake County and
collector of taxes therein, alleging: "That it is and was during
all the times hereinafter mentioned a corporation duly organized
and existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of
Kentucky; that its principal office and place of business is in
the city of Louisville, in said State, and was and is engaged
exclusively in the business of furnishing to shippers
refrigerator cars for the transportation of perishable freight
over the various lines of railroads throughout the United States
and of soliciting shipments for such cars and giving to the said
cars needful attention at various points in transit; that the
said cars are and were during the said times the sole property of
the plaintiff, and are not and were not during any of the said
time allotted,
Page 150
leased, rented or furnished under contract to any railroad
company or companies or carriers of freight; nor were they run on
any particular line or lines of railroad; nor were they confined
to any particular route or routes, nor in any particular trains,
nor at any specified or agreed times, but are and were run
indiscriminately over the lines of railroad over which consignors
of freight shipped in such cars choose to route them in shipping.
"The plaintiff further alleges that the business in which said
cars, including the cars hereinbefore mentioned, are and were
during the said times engaged in was exclusively interstate
commerce business, being confined to interchange and
transportation of perishable products of the various parts of the
United States from points in some of said States to points in
others of the said States; that plaintiff has not now and has not
had any office or place of business within the State of Utah, and
that all freight transported in plaintiff's cars in or through
the State of Utah, including the cars hereinafter mentioned, was
transported in said cars either from a point or points in a State
of the United States outside of the State of Utah to a point or
points within the State of Utah, or from a point or points within
the State of Utah to a point or points without the State of Utah,
or between points neither of which were within the State of Utah;
and that said cars were within the said State of Utah at no
regular intervals nor in any regular number, and when in said
State of Utah were only within it in transit, except to load or
unload freight shipped from within out of said State or coming
into said State from without the same or in the transportation of
freight entirely through or across said State, and at such times
the said cars were only transiently present for the said purposes
and not otherwise.
"And plaintiff further alleges that said cars do not and did
not abide, nor have they at any time had anysituswithin the
said State of Utah, nor has this plaintiff, nor has it heretofore
at any time had other property of any description whatsoever
located within the State of Utah.
"And plaintiff alleges that its cars so used as hereinbefore
stated, and not otherwise, are not subject to tax within the said
State for any purpose whatsoever.
Page 151
"That, notwithstanding the aforesaid facts, the state board of
equalization of the State of Utah unlawfully and wrongfully on
the 14th day of August, 1897, assessed and valued, of the
property of the plaintiff, ten cars of the aggregate assessment
of $2600, for all purposes of county and state taxation for the
year 1897, and thereafter wrongfully and unlawfully apportioned
the said assessment to the several counties in the said State of
Utah through which lines of railway pass and over which the said
cars might pass or be transported; that among the counties to
which said apportionment was made was the county of Salt Lake,
and there was by the said board apportioned to said county of
Salt Lake of the said assessment the sum of $210.00.
"That the taxes levied upon the said property so assessed and
apportioned to Salt Lake County for state, state school, county,
city and city school taxes amounted to the sum of $5.76; that the
said tax was and is by reason of the aforesaid facts illegal and
void."
Plaintiff then averred the payment of the tax, under written
protest, claiming the tax to be illegal, in order to avoid the
seizure and sale of its property and to prevent incurring the
penalties provided by law, and prayed judgment for the sum of
$5.76 and interest, and for costs. Defendant filed a general
demurrer to the complaint, which was sustained, and, plaintiff
electing not to amend but to stand on its complaint, judgment of
dismissal with costs was entered. The cause was then taken to the
Supreme Court of Utah and the judgment affirmed.18 Utah 378.
Thereupon this writ of error was allowed by the Chief Justice of
that court.
Some question was raised in the Supreme Court of Utah as to the proper construction and scope of the state statutes in respect of taxation, but the court held that by those laws all property, owned or used by railway, car, telephone, telegraph and other companies, within the territorial limits of the State, was subjected to taxation according to its value regardless of the domicil of its owner.
The contention on this writ of error is that the taxation of the ten cars of plaintiff in error was forbidden by the Constitution of the United States because they had nositusfor that purpose in the State of Utah, and the tax imposed a burden on interstate commerce.
InAmerican Refrigerator Transit Companyv.Hall,174 U.S. 70, quotations were made from the opinions inPullman's PalaceCar Companyv.Pennsylvania,141 U.S. 530;Adams ExpressCompanyv.Ohio,165 U.S. 194, andAdams Express Companyv.Ohio,166 U.S. 185, and the conclusion of the court was thus expressed: "It having been settled, as we have seen, that where a corporation of one State brings into another, to use and employ, a portion of its movable personal property, it is legitimate for the latter to impose upon such property, thus used and employed, its fair share of the burdens of taxation imposed upon similar property used in like way by its own citizens, we think that such a tax may be properly assessed and collected, in cases like the present, where the specific and individual items of property so used and employed were not continuously the same, but were constantly changing, according to the exigencies of the business, and that the tax may be fixed by an appraisement and valuation of the average amount of the property thus habitually used and employed. Nor would the fact that suchPage 153cars were employed as vehicles of transportation in the interchange of interstate commerce render their taxation invalid."
The case before us involves the taxation by the State of Utah of certain cars belonging to a corporation of Kentucky; the case cited involved the taxation by the State of Colorado of certain cars belonging to a corporation of Illinois; and if this case comes within the rule laid down in that case, nothing further need be said.
In that case the facts were stipulated; and it appeared that the American Refrigerator Transit Company was a corporation duly organized and existing by virtue of the laws of the State of Illinois, with its principal office in the city of East St. Louis in said State; that it was engaged in the business of furnishing refrigerator cars for the transportation of perishable products over the various lines of railroads in the United States; that these cars were the sole and exclusive property of the plaintiff, and that the plaintiff furnished the same to be run indiscriminately over any lines of railroad over which shippers on said railroads might desire to route them in shipping, and furnished the same for the transportation of perishable freight upon the direct request of shippers or of railroad companies requesting the same on behalf of the shippers, but on the responsibility of the carrier and not of the shipper; and plaintiff had not and never had had any contract of any kind whatsoever by which its cars were leased or allotted to or by which it agreed to furnish its cars to any railroad company operating within the State of Colorado; that it had and had had during said times no office or place of business nor other property than its cars within the State of Colorado, and that all the freight transported in plaintiff's cars in or through the State of Colorado, including the cars assessed, was transported in such cars either from a point or points of the United States outside of the State of Colorado to a point in the State of Colorado, or from a point in the State of Colorado to a point outside of said State, or between points wholly outside of said State of Colorado, and said cars never were run in said State in fixed numbers nor at regular times, nor as a regular part of particular trains, nor were any certain cars ever in the State of Colorado, except as engaged inPage 154such business aforesaid, and then only transiently present in said State for such purposes.
All these matters were set up,mutatis mutandis, in the complaint in this case in substantially the same language employed in setting forth the facts in that case. But it was also there stipulated: "That the average number of cars of the plaintiff used in the course of the business aforesaid within the State of Colorado during the year for which such assessment was made would equal forty, and that the cash value of plaintiff's cars exceeds the sum of $250 per car, and that if such property of the plaintiff is assessable and taxable within such State of Colorado, then the amount for which such cars, the property of the plaintiff, is assessed by said state board of equalization is just and reasonable, and not in excess of the value placed upon other like property within said State for the purposes of taxation."
The complaint in this case contained no averment as to the average number of cars of plaintiff in error used in the State of Utah, but it did show that the company was doing business in Utah in the year for which the tax in question was levied, and that it was running its cars into and through the State, using employing and caring for them there for profit, in the same manner as the cars in that case, and it was not alleged that the assessment by the state board of equalization was unreasonable, or unjust, or in excess of the valuation of other like property for taxation, or that the method of apportionment was erroneous. The presumption is that the action of the taxing officers was correct and regular, and that the number of cars assessed by the state board of equalization was the average number used and employed by plaintiff in error in the State of Utah during 1897.
The objection is not that too many cars were assessed, or that they were assessed too much, or in an improper manner, even if we could consider such questions, but simply that they could not be taxed at all. And this objection was considered and overruled in the case to which we have referred.Judgment affirmed.Page 155
MR. JUSTICE WHITE did not hear the argument and took no part in the consideration and disposition of this case.