T. B. D. v. Florida

How later courts describe this case

• concluding that threats of violence and fighting words are proscribable because government has “valid interest” in protecting citizens both from fear of violence and violence
• discussed in 30B Charles Alan Wright & Michael H. Graham, Federal Practice and Procedure § 7022, at 202 n. 1 (2000)
• “[T]he application of the doctrine of equivalents rests on the sub-stantiality of the differences between the claimed and accused products or processes, assessed according to an objective standard.”
• “The trial judge does not have discretion to choose whether to apply the doctrine of equivalents when the record shows no literal infringement.”
• experts are “supposed to testify impartially in the sphere of their expertise”