Brumbaugh v. United States

How later courts describe this case

• bailiff comments urging speedy decision and inquiring as to numerical division of jury deemed harmless
• improper remarks by bailiff not prejudicial error where they did not affect the way a juror voted
• no due process violation if party proceeded against understood the issue and was afforded full opportunity to justify conduct
• cases in which such comments by the bailiff were deemed nonprejudicial
• the “Kerr ” factors, also codified in Local Rule 54-16
• Department of Transportation Act, 49 U.S.C., § 1653(f)
• labor-management recording and disclosure act
• class of 162,000 union members