Ruby v. Giles

How later courts describe this case

• defendants alleged that sales of silver options, refining contracts and a Bahamian loan swindle were separate conspiracies
• general verdict vacated where evidence impermissibly admitted as proof of contract breach, though admissible to prove fraud and impossible to determine on what basis jury grounded its verdict
• verdict in civil trial not reliable because it could have rested on improperly admitted parole evidence
• convictions for conspiracy to commit bank larceny affirmed where circumstantial evidence suggested “some communication”
• letter need not show on its face that it is in furtherance of scheme
• special verdicts especially suited to multiple theories of liability
• coercive interrogation of employees prohibited