Aldens, Inc. v. Kane

How later courts describe this case

• extending logic of United States v. United States Dist. Court, 407 U.S. 297, 92 S.Ct. 2125, 32 L.Ed.2d 752 (1972), to foreign contexts
• burden of proof on plaintiff arrestee to show that arresting officers lacked reasonable good faith belief of probable cause to arrest plaintiff
• Weise not applicable when plaintiffs own papers and arguments indicate that no state action exists as a matter of law
• consent decrees--products of negotiation rather than contested litigation--are not likely to carry stare decisis effects measurably adverse to the proposed intervention in any future proceedings
• the "class," not being a party, is not "bound by res judicata or estoppel to the consent decrees"
• “it cannot be gain-said that conciliation and voluntary settlement are the preferred means for resolving employment discrimination disputes”
• an employer may not approach an employee directly to obtain a prospective waiver of his rights under Title VII
• “we do not reach the issue whether a determination of policy by an institute and its executives can be a ‘conspiracy’ within the meaning of [§ 1985(3)]”