Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States

United States v. Corrick

298 U.S. 435

Type
Opinion
Court
Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction
Federal
Date
1936-05-18
Topic
general

How later courts describe this case

  • holding that “the lack of jurisdiction of a federal court touching the subject-matter of the litigation cannot be waived by the parties, and the District Court should, therefore, have declined sua sponte to proceed in the cause”
  • explaining that, where the lower court lacks jurisdiction, “we have jurisdiction on appeal, not of the merits, but merely for the purpose of correcting the error of the lower court in entertaining the suit”
  • noting that when a district court lacked subject matter jurisdiction, “we have jurisdiction on appeal, not of the merits, but merely for the purpose of correcting the error of the lower court in entertaining the suit”
  • vacating and remanding “merely for the purpose of correcting” an erroneously entered injunctive order against the Secretary of Agriculture and others that prevented them from prosecuting corporations who violated rate schedules
  • “No waiver, consent, or estoppel should be allowed to enlarge the state domain at the expense of the overriding federal policy”
  • ‘While the District Court lacked jurisdiction, we have jurisdiction on appeal, not of the merits but merely for the purpose of correcting the error of the lower court in entertaining the suit.”
  • when the lower court lacks jurisdiction, "we have jurisdiction on appeal, not of the merits but merely for the purpose of correcting the error of the lower court in entertaining the suit.”
  • "While the District Court lacked jurisdiction, we have jurisdiction on appeal, not of the merits, but merely for the purpose of correcting the error of the lower court in entertaining the suit.” (citing cases)

Citator

UpLaw has not yet analyzed United States v. Corrick. The absence of a flag is not a finding that it is good law.

Authority status
pending
Cited by
266 opinions

Headnotes

  1. Civil Procedure — Injunctions On appeal from the granting or refusal of an interlocutory injunction, the reviewing court's inquiry is limited to the question whether the lower court abused its discretion. 298 U.S. at 437
  2. Administrative Law — Judicial Review A suit whose ultimate purpose is to secure a decree upholding a rate schedule posted by regulated parties, and which restrains the Secretary from instituting prosecutions for violations of his rate order, is not a bill to set aside or suspend the order within the jurisdiction conferred on the district court; the statutory jurisdiction over suits to enjoin, set aside, annul, or suspend agency orders excludes refusals to act. 298 U.S. at 438
  3. Administrative Law — Rate Regulation When the Secretary of Agriculture, pursuant to § 310 of the Packers and Stockyards Act, orders specified rates thereafter to be charged, those rates become the only lawful rates and so remain until the further order of the Secretary. 298 U.S. at 439
  4. Administrative Law — Rate Regulation — Injunctive Relief Where the Secretary, after inquiry and full hearing, fixed rates thereafter to be charged by market agencies, and those rates had not been set aside or enjoined in any appropriate judicial proceeding or altered by subsequent order of the Secretary, the district court was without power to enjoin the prosecution of the agencies' operators for charging rates other than those set by the Secretary. 298 U.S. at 440
  5. Federal Courts & Jurisdiction — Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Lack of jurisdiction in a federal court over the subject matter of the litigation cannot be waived by the parties, and the court should decline to proceed in the cause sua sponte. 298 U.S. at 440
  6. Civil Procedure — Jurisdictional Defects If the record discloses that the lower court was without jurisdiction, the appellate court will notice the defect although the parties make no contention concerning it. 298 U.S. at 440
  7. Civil Procedure — Jurisdiction on Appeal The Supreme Court has jurisdiction on appeal to correct the error of a district court in entertaining a suit over which it had no jurisdiction, though that jurisdiction extends not to the merits but merely to correcting the error. 298 U.S. at 440
UNITED STATESv. CORRICK,298 U.S. 435(1936)
56 S.Ct. 829
UNITED STATES ET AL.v. CORRICK ET AL.
APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE NORTHERN
DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS.
No. 656.
Argued April 6, 1936.
Decided May 18, 1936.
1. On appeal from the granting or refusal of an interlocutory injunction, inquiry is limited to the question whether the court abused its discretion. P. 437. 2. A bill by operators of Market Agencies to enjoin the Secretary of Agriculture from instituting prosecutions for violations of an order fixing their rates under the Packers Stockyards Act, the ultimate purpose of the suit being to secure decree upholding a rate schedule posted by the plaintiffs, is not a bill to set aside or suspend the order, within the jurisdiction of the District Court. P. 438. 3. When the Secretary of Agriculture, pursuant to § 310 of the Packers Stockyards Act, orders specified rates thereafter to be charged by Market Agencies, these become the only lawful rates and so remain until the further order of the Secretary. P. 439. 4. The Secretary of Agriculture, after inquiry and full hearing, fixed rates thereafter to be charged by the market Agencies, and these had not been set aside or enjoined in any appropriate judicial proceeding or been altered by subsequent order of the Secretary.Heldthat the District Court was without power to enjoin the prosecution of the operators of the Agencies for charging rates other than those set by the Secretary. P. 440. 5. Lack of jurisdiction is a federal court over the subject matter of the litigation cannot be waived by the parties. The court should decline to proceed with the cause. P. 440.Page 4366. If the record discloses that the lower court was without jurisdiction, this Court will notice the defect although the parties make no contention concerning it. P. 440. 7. This Court has jurisdiction on appeal to correct the error of a District Court in entertaining a suit over which it had no jurisdiction.Id. Reversed.
APPEAL from an interlocutory decree of a three-judge District
Court enjoining prosecution of plaintiffs for violation of the
Packers Stockyards Act. Cf. the last preceding case.
Assistant Attorney General Dickinson, with whomSolicitorGeneral ReedandMessrs. Wendell BergeandG.N. Daggerwere on the brief, for appellants.Mr. George I. Haight, with whomMessrs. John S. BoydandM.K. Hobbswere on the brief, for appellees.
MR. JUSTICE ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is an appeal from a decree of a specially constituted district court awarding an interlocutory injunction against the Secretary of Agriculture and others restraining them from prosecuting the appellees, operators of market agencies at the Chicago stockyards, for violation of the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921.1

The appellees are, for the most part, the same persons and corporations as the appellants in No. 655,Ackerv.UnitedStates, ante, p. 426. While that case was pending on appeal to this court, and the rates therein prescribed by order of the Secretary of Agriculture were suspended until final determination respecting their validity, the appellees prepared and posted, on October 19, 1935, a schedule of rates for market services at the ChicagoPage 437stockyards to become effective November 1, 1935. These rates were, in most instances, higher than those prescribed by the Secretary's orders of January 8 and March 12, 1934. On the same day the appellees tendered the schedule to the Secretary for filing. He declined to receive it, assigning as reasons for his refusal that once rates are fixed by him no change therein may be made except by his order or by action of a court of competent jurisdiction and that litigation was then pending challenging the validity of his outstanding orders. Thereupon appellees filed their bill in the district court reciting the course of the Secretary's proceedings referred to in No. 655, the orders made, and the suit to restrain their enforcement. The pleading asserts that the orders were based on data for the years 1931 and 1932; that subsequently to promulgation of the orders, conditions had so changed that to prevent destruction of their business the appellees were compelled to accept a new schedule of charges; it recites the Secretary's refusal to file the new schedule and alleges that the refusal was a violation of his duty under the act; it charges that his refusal was of no effect since his only power in the premises was to file the schedule and, if he believed the rates named therein unjust, unreasonable, of discriminatory, to suspend them, pursuant to the provisions of the act, and, after hearing, fix reasonable and nondiscriminatory rates. The bill alleges that the schedule of October 19, 1935, became effective November 1, 1935, and that if appellees failed to conform thereto they would incur heavy penalties while, on the other hand, the Secretary was threatening to prosecute the, unless they adhered to the rates prescribed by his orders of January 8 and March 12, 1934. After a hearing upon the bill and a supporting affidavit the court granted an injunction.

On appeal from the granting or refusal of an interlocutory injunction our inquiry is limited to the questionPage 438whether the court abused its discretion.2The appellants urge that the action taken constituted such an abuse for the reason that want of jurisdiction is evident upon the face of the bill. With this contention we agree.

Section 316 of the Packers and Stockyards Act3adopts the same procedure for restraining enforcement of or setting aside orders of the Secretary as is provided by law with respect to orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission. By § 1 of the Commerce Court Act4jurisdiction was conferred upon the Commerce Court "over all cases . . . brought to enjoin, set aside, annul, or suspend in whole or in part any order of the Interstate Commerce Commission." The Urgent Deficiencies Act of October 22, 1913,5transferred the jurisdiction of the Commerce Court to the district courts and provided that such cases should be heard by three judges. The words of the statute exclude a were refusal to act from the section conferring jurisdiction, and this court has accordingly held that an order negative in form and substance is not within the relief accorded.6It is clear thatPage 439the instant bill was not one to set aside or suspend any order of the Secretary. The proceeding brought for that purpose was No. 655, just decided. This suit is to restrain the secretary and others from instituting prosecution for violations of an order. Its ultimate purpose is to secure a decree affirming the validity and effectiveness of the rate schedule posted by the appellees October 19, 1934. The injunction restrains the defendants from preventing, or attempting to prevent, or from interfering with the appellees in the collection of the rates of charge fixed by the schedule tendered to the Secretary October 19, 1935.

The District Court was without jurisdiction for a further reason. Section 306 of the Packers and Stockyards Act7directs that within sixty days after the Secretary shall have given notice that a stockyard falls within the definition of § 302 every market agency at such stockyard shall file with him, and keep open for inspection, schedules of rates and charges for its services. No changes are to be made in the rates so filed and published except after ten day's notice to the Secretary and to the public. Section 310 authorizes an order for investigation and a hearing by the Secretary on complaint, or on his now initiative, as to whether existing rates are unjust, unreasonable, or discriminatory, and empowers him, after such hearing, to "determine and prescribe what will be the just and reasonable rate or charge, or rates of charges,to be thereafterobservedin the such case, of the maximum or minimum, or maximum and minimum, to be charged, and what regulation or practice is or will be just, reasonable, and nondiscriminatoryto be thereafterfollowed;. . .".8Section 306 prescribes the method of initiating rates upon the act's becoming effective, and of voluntary alteration of them time to time. But when the Secretary, pursuantPage 440to § 310, orders specified rates thereafter to be charged these become the only lawful rates and so remain until the further order of the Secretary.9

The bill shows that the Secretary, after inquiry and full hearing, fixed rates thereafter to be charged by the appellees, and these had not been set aside or enjoined in any appropriate judicial proceeding or been altered by subsequent order of the Secretary. The court was, therefore, without power to enjoin the prosecution of the appellees for charging rates other than those established by the secretary.

The appellants did not raise the question of jurisdiction at the hearing below. But the lack of jurisdiction of a federal court touching the subject matter of the litigation cannot be waived by the parties, and the district court should, therefore, have declinedsua sponte, to proceed in the cause.10And if the record discloses that the lower court was without jurisdiction this court will notice the defect, although the parties make no contention concerning it.11While the District Court lacked jurisdiction, we have jurisdiction on appeal, not of the merits but merely for the purpose of correcting the error of the lower court in entertaining the suit.12The decree must, therefore, be reversed and the cause remanded with directions to dismiss the bill.Reversed.Page 441
  1. Page 43642 Stat. 159; U.S.C. Tit. 7, Chap. 9. ↩
  2. Page 438Farringtonv.Tokushige,273 U.S. 284,290;United Fuel GasCo. v.Public Service Comm'n,278 U.S. 322,326;Alabamav.United States,279 U.S. 229,230;National Fire Ins. Co. v.Thompson,281 U.S. 331,338. ↩
  3. Page 43842 Stat. 168. U.S.C. Tit. 7, § 217: ". . . the provisions of all laws relating to the suspending or restraining the enforcement, operation, or execution of, or the setting aside in whole or in part the orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission, are made applicable to the jurisdiction, powers, and duties of the Secretary in enforcing the provisions of this title, and to any person subject to the provisions of this title." ↩
  4. Page 438 c. 309,36 Stat. 539. ↩
  5. Page 438 c. 32,38 Stat. 208, 219; U.S.C. Tit. 28, §§ 41(8) (27) (28), 47. ↩
  6. Page 438Procter Gamblev.United States,225 U.S. 282,292;LehighValley R. Co. v.United States,243 U.S. 412;United Statesv.Illinois Central R. Co.,244 U.S. 82;United Statesv.Atlanta, B. C.R. Co.,282 U.S. 522;Standard Oil Co. v.United States,283 U.S. 235,238. ↩
  7. Page 439 C. 64,42 Stat. 164. U.S.C. Tit. 7, § 207. ↩
  8. Page 439 c. 64,42 Stat. 166. U.S.C. Tit. 7, § 211. ↩
  9. Page 440 CompareArizona Grocery Co. v.Atchison, T. S.F. Ry. Co.,284 U.S. 370,386,387. ↩
  10. Page 440 SeeCutlerv.Rae, 7 How. 729, 731;Morrisv.Gilmer,129 U.S. 315,325;Minnesotav.Northern Securities Co.,194 U.S. 48,62;Mattinglyv.Northwestern V.R. Co.,158 U.S. 53; 443Cansv.United States,226 U.S. 172;Mitchellv.Maurer,293 U.S. 237,244. ↩
  11. Page 440Perezv.Fernandez,202 U.S. 80,100;Straitenv.LouisS.W. Ry.,282 U.S. 10,13. ↩
  12. Page 440United Statesv.Huckabee, 16 Wall. 414, 435;Stickneyv.Wilt, 23 Wall. 150, 163;Gullyv.Interstate Natural GasCo.,292 U.S. 16,19 ↩