Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States

Alabama v. United States

279 U.S. 229

Type
Opinion
Court
Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction
Federal
Date
1929-04-08
Topic
general

Mr. Justice Sutherland delivered the opinion of the Court. This suit was brought by appellants to set aside an order. of the Interstate Commerce Commission establishing intrastate rates on fertilizers and fertilizing material in Alabama; and. to enjoin numerous railroad companies from making such rates effective. The ground, of the Com-mission’s order was that the maintenance of' such-intrastate rates on a lower basis than those found reasonable would result in unjiist discrimination against, and undue prejudice to persons and localities in, interstate commerce. The order of the'Commission is within its general powers, Houston & Texas Ry. v.

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Headnotes

  1. Administrative Law — Interstate Commerce Commission Authority The Interstate Commerce Commission has power, after full inquiry, to establish intrastate rates on commodities where the maintenance of such rates on a lower basis than those found reasonable would result in unjust discrimination against, and undue prejudice to persons and localities in, interstate commerce. 279 U.S. at 230
  2. Civil Procedure — Injunctions The Act of Congress requiring applications for interlocutory injunctions in certain cases to be considered by three judges, with a direct appeal to the Supreme Court, does not modify the well-established doctrine that such applications are addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court, and an order granting or denying such an injunction will not be disturbed by an appellate court unless the discretion was improvidently exercised. 279 U.S. at 230
  3. Civil Procedure — Appellate Review of Injunction Orders On appeal from an order of a three-judge district court denying an interlocutory injunction, the duty of the Supreme Court is not to decide the merits but, at least generally, simply to determine whether the discretion of the court below has been abused. 279 U.S. at 230
ALABAMAv. UNITED STATES,279 U.S. 229(1929)
49 S.Ct. 266
ALABAMA ET AL.v. UNITED STATES ET AL.
APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE NORTHERN
DISTRICT OF ALABAMA.
No. 166.
Argued February 21, 1929.
Decided April 8, 1929.
1. The Interstate Commerce Commission has power, after full inquiry, to establish intrastate rates on commodities, where the maintenance of such rates on a lower basis than those found reasonable would result in unjust discrimination against, and undue prejudice to persons and localities in, interstate commerce. P. 230. 2. The Act of Congress requiring the consideration of applications for interlocutory injunctions in certain cases to be made by three judges and allowing an appeal to this Court (Jud. Code, § 266, as amended), has in no way modified the well-established doctrine that such applications are addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court and that an order granting or denying such an injunction will not be disturbed by an appellate court unless the discretion was improvidently exercised. P. 230. Affirmed.
APPEAL from a decree of the District Court denying an
application for a preliminary injunction to set aside orders of
the Interstate Commerce Commission establishing intrastate rates
on fertilizers and fertilizing material in the State of Alabama.
Mr. Edgar Watkins, with whomMessrs. Charlie C. McCall, Attorney General of Alabama,J.Q. Smith, Special Assistant Attorney General, andHugh White, President, Alabama Public Service Commission, were on the brief, for appellants.Mr. E.M. Reidy, with whomSolicitor General Mitchell, andMessrs. Elmer B. Collins, Special Assistant to the Attorney General, andDaniel W. Knowltonwere on the brief, for appellees United States and Interstate Commerce Commission.Page 230Mr. Frank W. Gwathmey, with whomMessrs. W.A. Northcutt,Charles ClarkandW.N. McGeheewere on the brief, for appellees Alabama Carriers.
MR. JUSTICE SUTHERLAND delivered the opinion of the Court.
This suit was brought by appellants to set aside an order of the Interstate Commerce Commission establishing intrastate rates on fertilizers and fertilizing material in Alabama; and to enjoin numerous railroad companies from making such rates effective. The ground of the Commission's order was that the maintenance of such intrastate rates on a lower basis than those found reasonable would result in unjust discrimination against, and undue prejudice to persons and localities in, interstate commerce.

The order of the Commission is within its general powers,Houston Texas Ry. v.United States,234 U.S. 342,354-5,358;Wisconsin R.R. Comm. v.C., B. Q.R.R. Co.,257 U.S. 563,585,et seq.;and was made after a full inquiry. After a review of the record, the court below denied an application for a preliminary injunction. The case is still pending in the court below for final hearing, and the present appeal relates only to the interlocutory order.

Congress has manifested its solicitude that the power to grant writs of injunction against orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission shall be exercised with special care, by requiring the consideration of applications to be made by three judges and by giving an appeal directly to this Court both in the case of interlocutory orders and final decrees.Virginian Ry. v.United States,272 U.S. 658,672. But there is nothing in the legislation to suggest that in the exercise of the judicial power in respect of such writs pertinent principles of equity as theretofore understood, are to be disregarded or modified. It is well-establishedPage 231doctrine that an application for an interlocutory injunction is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court; and that an order either granting or denying such an injunction will not be disturbed by an appellate court unless the discretion was improvidently exercised.Meccano, Ltd., v.John Wanamaker,253 U.S. 136,141; 2 High on Injunctions (4th Ed.) § 1696. And seeRice Adams Corporationv.Lathrop,278 U.S. 509. The rule generally to be applied in the exercise of that discretion, is stated in our recent decision inOhio Oil Co. v.Conway,post, p. 813.

That the doctrine to be followed in reviewing such an order applies in the case of an order of a court of three judges denying an interlocutory injunction does not admit of doubt.United Fuel Gas Co. v.Public Service Commission of WestVirginia,278 U.S. 322,326;Chicago, G.W. Ry. v.Kendall,266 U.S. 94,100. The duty of this Court, therefore, upon an appeal from such an order, at least generally, is not to decide the merits but simply to determine whether the discretion of the court below has been abused. SeeUnited Statesv.Balt. OhioR.R. Co.,225 U.S. 306,325. An examination of the record here reveals no such abuse, and we must remand the case to the court below for final disposition on the merits.Decree affirmed.