Tariq A-R Y v. Maryland

How later courts describe this case

• finding aiding and abetting liability when defendant allowed his car, which had a secret compartment, to be used to transport cocaine
• organizer/leader enhancement was warranted in light of testimony that the coconspirators received direction from the defendant, and the defendant’s failure to contradict relevant findings in the PSR
• “[T]he commercial nexus element in the Hobbs Act is not ‘jurisdictional’ in the sense that a failure of proof would divest the federal courts of adjudicatory power over the case. The commercial nexus requirement is in fact a substantive element of the crime.”