James Chongris v. Hugh A. Corrigan

How later courts describe this case

• even though quantitative equality is preserved, members of a racial or ethnic group are protected from invidious minimization of their voting strength
• members of racial and ethnic groups constitutionally protected from purposeful maneuvers to deprive them of political effectiveness
• in municipal redistricting ease court held that although reapportionment litigation affects interests of large class and such actions are usually brought as class actions, the class action device is not essential