Opinion · Supreme Court of the United States

United States Ex Rel. Taylor v. Taft

United States Ex Rel. Taylor v. Taft, 203 U.S. 461 (1906)

Type: Opinion
Court: Supreme Court of the United States
Jurisdiction: Federal
Date: 1906-12-10
Topic: general

Me. Chief Justice Fuller, after making the foregoing statement, delivered the opinion of the court. This case comes before us on a motion to dismiss the writ of error for want of jurisdiction. The right to such a writ is given in section 233 of the Code of the District of Columbia, 31 Stat. 1189, c. 854, 1227, -which reads: “Any final judgment or decree of the Court of Appeals may be reexamined and affirmed, reversed, or modified by the Supreme Court of the United States, upon writ of error or appeal, in all cases in which the matter in dispute, exclusive of costs; shall exceed the sum of five thousand dollars, in the same manner and under the same regulations as existed in *464 cases of writs of error on judgments or appeals from decrees rendered in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia on February ninth, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and also in cases, without regard to the sum or value of the matter' in dispute, wherein is involved the validity of any patent or copyright, or in which is drawn in question the validity of a treaty or statute of, or an authority exercised under, the United States.” If this writ of error can be maintained it is on the ground that the validity of an authority exercised under the United States,was drawn in question. The relator did not, however, question the authority of the President or his representatives to dismiss her, if the required formalities had been complied with.

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Cited by: 19 opinions

Headnotes

Federal Courts & Jurisdiction — Review of District of Columbia Court of Appeals Decisions Under section 233 of the Code of the District of Columbia, the Supreme Court may review a final judgment of the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia without regard to the amount in dispute only where the validity of a patent or copyright, or the validity of a treaty or statute of, or an authority exercised under, the United States is drawn in question. 203 U.S. at 462–63
Federal Courts & Jurisdiction — What Constitutes Drawing in Question the Validity of an Authority Where a government employee does not deny the authority of the President or his representative to dismiss him, but contends only that his dismissal was illegal because certain rules and regulations of the civil service were not observed, the validity of an authority exercised under the United States is not drawn in question; the contention goes to the construction and application of regulations governing the exercise of such authority, not to its validity. 203 U.S. at 463–64
Federal Courts & Jurisdiction — Validity Versus Construction To come within a provision requiring that the validity of a treaty or statute of the United States, or of an authority exercised under the United States, be directly drawn in question, it is the validity, and not the construction only, of such treaty, statute, or authority that must be directly in issue. 203 U.S. at 464
Federal Courts & Jurisdiction — Validity of Authority Disputed The validity of a statute is not drawn in question every time rights claimed under the statute are controverted, nor is the validity of an authority drawn in question every time an act done by such authority is disputed; an order reversing officers who disallowed what they ought to have allowed and erroneously construed what needed no construction would rest on error in applying the authority, not on want of power, and would not involve the validity of their authority. 203 U.S. at 464–65
Federal Courts & Jurisdiction — Validity of a Rule Constituting Authority Jurisdiction is properly invoked where the validity of a rule constituting the authority of certain officers is itself drawn in question. 203 U.S. at 465

TAYLORv. TAFT,203 U.S. 461(1906)

27 S.Ct. 148

UNITED STATESex rel. TAYLORv. TAFT, SECRETARY OF WAR.

ERROR TO THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

No. 300.

Submitted November 19, 1906.

Decided December 10, 1906.

Where a government employe does not deny the authority of the President or his representative to dismiss him, but only contends that his dismissal is illegal because certain rules and regulations of the civil service were not observed, the validity of an authority exercised under the United States is not drawn in question, and under § 233 of the Code of the District of Columbia,31 Stat. 1189, 1127, this court has no jurisdiction to review the judgment of the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia. Writ of error to review24 App.D.C. 95, dismissed.Page 462

RELATOR was, on May 12, 1902, a clerk in the classified civil

service of the United States, and employed in the War Department.

On that day an article purporting to be signed by her and making

very serious reflections on the President of the United States

appeared in a newspaper published at Washington. Some days

thereafter the Secretary of War directed that relator be called

upon to state whether she was the author of the publication, and,

if so, it was ordered that her attention should be invited to

section 8 of civil service rule II, and that she be allowed three

days in which to submit any answer or statement she might wish to

make.

To this relator answered, admitting that she was the author of

the article, but insisting that she had not been notified of any

charge calling for answer under the rule.

Thereupon the Secretary entered an order dismissing her from

the service, and filed a memorandum assigning as reason therefor

the publication of the article.

Relator then filed her petition for mandamus in the Supreme

Court of the District, to compel the Secretary to restore her.

The petition recited sections 3 and 8 of civil service rule II,

and assigned as grounds of relief that the procedure was not in

conformity with the executive regulations set out, in that no

reasons for removal had been furnished relator, and also in that

the real reason of her removal was because of her political

opinions and the expression of them.

The Secretary answered the petition, setting out the facts in

detail, denying that relator was removed on account of her

political opinions, and averring that the action was taken

because of the publication of the article, containing derogatory

and disrespectful statements of and concerning the President of

the United States in relation to his conduct as

Commander-in-Chief, and which he decided "was prejudicial to

order and the efficiency of said War Department, and such offense

as rendered the further connection of the petitioner with said

service incompatible with the best interests of the same." And

while insisting that all acts done or caused to be done by

Page 463

him were in conformity with the civil service rules, the

Secretary submitted that the petitioner showed by her petition

"no vested right, title or interest in or to the employment

formerly exercised by her in the office of the Adjutant General

of the United States Army, and that the relation of such

petitioner, as an employe, to the executive civil service, in

respect of appointment, promotion and removal, is a matter wholly

within the competence and cognizance of the political department,

and the action of the head of an executive department in respect

thereof is not subject to be reviewed, reversed, set aside or

controlled by a court of law, nor can his action in that behalf

be commanded, directed or compelled by the writ of mandamus, as

the petitioner in her said petition has prayed."

Relator filed a demurrer to the answer, which was overruled,

whereupon she elected to stand by the demurrer, and judgment was

entered denying the writ. The judgment was affirmed by the Court

of Appeals, 24 Apps. D.C. 95, and this writ of error then sued

out.

Mr. Noble E. Dawsonfor plaintiff in error.The Solicitor Generalfor defendant in error.

MR. CHIEF JUSTICE FULLER, after making the foregoing statement, delivered the opinion of the court.

This case comes before us on a motion to dismiss the writ of error for want of jurisdiction. The right to such a writ is given in section 233 of the Code of the District of Columbia,31 Stat. 1189, c. 854, 1227, which reads:

"Any final judgment or decree of the Court of Appeals may be reexamined and affirmed, reversed, or modified by the Supreme Court of the United States, upon writ of error or appeal, in all cases in which the matter in dispute, exclusive of costs, shall exceed the sum of five thousand dollars, in the same manner and under the same regulations as existed inPage 464cases of writs of error on judgments or appeals from decrees rendered in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia on February ninth, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and also in cases, without regard to the sum or value of the matter in dispute, wherein is involved the validity of any patent or copyright, or in which is drawn in question the validity of a treaty or statute of, or an authority exercised under, the United States."

If this writ of error can be maintained it is on the ground that the validity of an authority exercised under the United States was drawn in question.

The relator did not, however, question the authority of the President or his representatives to dismiss her, if the required formalities had been complied with. What she claimed was that there were certain rules and regulations of the civil service which were not observed in the matter of her dismissal, and that, therefore, such dismissal was illegal.

But this contention did not draw in question the validity of an authority exercised under the United States, but the construction and application of regulations of the exercise of such authority.

As Mr. Justice Gray said, inSouth Carolinav.Seymour,153 U.S. 353, referring to an identical provision of the laws of the District prior to the code: "In order to come within this clause, the validity, and not the construction only, of a treaty or statute of the United States, or of an authority exercised under the United States, must be directly drawn in question."

And, prior to that case, we had disposed of the same question inUnited Statesv.Lynch,137 U.S. 280. That was a petition for a writ of mandamus against the Fourth Auditor and the Second Comptroller of the Treasury, to compel them to audit the account of petitioner, who was an officer in the Navy. It was insisted that by the disallowance of petitioner's claim for mileage these officers exercised a discretion which they did not possess; that this was an invalid exercise of an authority under the United States; and that hence the validityPage 465of the authority was drawn in question. We held otherwise, and said:

"The validity of a statute is not drawn in question every time rights claimed under such statute are controverted, nor is the validity of an authority, every time an act done by such authority is disputed. . . .

"What the relator sought was an order coercing these officers to proceed in a particular way, and this order the Supreme Court of the District declined to grant. If we were to reverse that judgment upon the ground urged, it would not be for want of power in the Auditor to audit the account, and in the Comptroller to revise and pass upon it, but because those officers had disallowed what they ought to have allowed and erroneously construed what needed no construction. This would not in any degree involve the validity of their authority."Steinmetzv.Allen,192 U.S. 543, is not to the contrary, for there the validity of a rule constituting the authority of certain officers in the Patent Office was drawn in question.Writ of error dismissed.