Harrison County v. State Savings Bank

Weaver, J.

The petition alleges that one Hilliard, a duly qualified and acting member of the board of supervisors of the plaintiff county, unlawfully drew from the county treasury a large sum of money belonging to the county road fund, and deposited the same with the defendant bank. It is further alleged that the bank received the money, knowing that it was the property of the county, and still has the same in its possession, to the amount of $200, for the recovery of which judgment is demanded. A demurrer to this petition on the ground that no recovery can be had against the bank until the plaintiff’s claim has been adjudicated was overruled, and thereafter defendant answered, denying the plaintiff’s claim; alleging a defect of parties, in that Hilliard was not made a defendant; and reasserting in substance the objections stated in the demurrer to the petition. By a later amendment to the petition, Hilliard was impleaded as a de~ *244 fendant in tbe action. He made no defense, and, being beld to be in default, judgment was entered against bim for tbe sum of $200, interest, and costs. Tbe cause as against tbe bank was tried to tbe court without a jury, and, from a judgment in plaintiff’s favor for tbe amount claimed, said defendant appeals.

1. Countries: recovery of funds; parties. I. Error is assigned -upon tbe overruling of tbe demurrer to tbe petition. Tbe ruling was correct. Tbe obtaining of a judgment against Hilliard was not essential to tbe plaintiff’s right of recovery. Were it held °blierwise, a county officer could wrongfully ap-bpropriate tbe entire contents of tbe treasury, deposit them in a bank having knowledge of tbe true character of tbe fund, and then, by going beyond tbe jurisdiction of tbe court, leave tbe county powerless to enforce its demand against tbe depositary.

2. parties But even if it should be beld that Hilliard was a necessary party to tbe litigation, be was made a defendant in fact before the case came on for trial, and the error, if any, in tbe prior proceedings, was thereby .cured.'

3. Jurisdiction. It is sought in argument to deny that any jurisdiction of Hilliard was obtained, and to assert that tbe recital in tbe record of an appearance by or for bim is not correct. Tbe appellant’s abstract shows that “ O. H. Hil-j^ar(j ¿efatl^e(j for of pleading after appearing herein.” In our judgment, this is a sufficient showing of jurisdiction.

4. Evidence; Ad missions of bank cashier. II. Tbe one troublesome question arises upon exceptions taken to tbe admission of testimony on tbe trial below. Tbe plaintiff was permitted, over appellant’s objection, to in evidence what is described as “ a transcript of certain testimony eiven by W. J". Burke in tbe case of tbe State of Iowa v. Charles H. Hilliard in the District Court of Harrison County, Iowa, commencing February 24, 1902. Said tran *245 script being certified to by O. D. Wheeler, judge, and B. O. Binington, reporter in said case.” Erom this transcript plaintiff was allowed to read the statements of Burke that he was cashier of the State Savings Bank; that in the years 1899 and 1900 Hilliard gave him orders on the county auditor for the issuance of warrants upon the road fund; that no account of the money thus drawn was entered upon the books; of the bank, but the sum was held as a cash item, subject to be drawn by Hilliard, and there was of this deposit then remaining in the bank “ some over two hundred dollars.” This constitutes all the evidence offered on the part of the plaintiff to show the wrongful deposit of the money by Hil-liard, or the possession of the balance of said fund by the bank. We assume that this testimony was offered and admitted on the theory that the statement or testimony of the cashier in the other case is in the nature of an admission by the bank, and, as such, affords sufficient basis for a finding in plaintiff’s favor upon the issue in this case. But we think this cannot be approved as correct. It is undoubtedly true that under some circumstances the statement or admission of a cashier may be taken as the statement or admission of the bank he represents, but this is so only when the cashier is acting within the scope of his power or duty as the bank’s agent or officer. It is therefore incumbent upon the party who offers such testimony to establish its admissibility under the rule just stated. And this is especially true where the statement or admission sought to be proved has reference to a past transaction. Directly in point, see Vohs v. Shorthill, 124 Iowa, 471; Osgood v. Bringolf, 32 Iowa, 265; Osgood v. Bauder, 82 Iowa, 171; Treadway v. R. R., 40 Iowa, 526; Yordy v. Marshall, 86 Iowa, 340; Phelps v. James, 86 Iowa, 398; United States v. Bank, 21 How. 356 (16 L. Ed. 130); Wiley v. Bank, 47 Vt. 546 (19 Am. Rep. 122); Bank v. Byrnes, 82 N. Y. (Supp.) 497; Lyman v. R. Co., 132 N. C. 721 (44 S. E. Rep. 550).

Now, in the case before us there is nothing in the record *246 to show that in testifying upon the trial of State v. Hilliard, the witness Burke could be said to speak as the representative of the bank, having power to bind the corporation by his admissions. Indeed, there is nothing whatever in the record to indicate the nature of the issue then being tried. In an action or proceeding to which the bank is a party, admissions made by the cashier upon the witness stand may 'well be treated as the admissions of the corporation which he represents; but, where the cashier is called as a witness in an action between third parties, it is certainly the general, if not the universal, rule that he does not represent his corporation in such a sense that his statements there made will be admissible against it in a later litigation to which it is a party in interest. If in any case there be peculiar or exceptional circumstances requiring the application of a different rule, the burden rests upon the party offering the evidence to bring his offer within the exception. No such showing is made in this case. On the contrary, as we have already noted, the record, as presented to us, is entirely barren of any proof as to the circumstances under which the testimony of Burke was given, except the simple statement that it was in the case of the State of Iowa v. Charles H. Hilliard. This is too meager a showing to justify its admission in the present case, and we think the defendant’s objection to the introduction of the transcript should have been sustained.

We find no other prejudicial error in the record.

For tire reason stated, the judgment of the district court is Reversed.