Opinion · Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
United States Ex Rel. Yokinen v. Commissioner of Immigration
United States Ex Rel. Yokinen v. Comm’r of Immigration, 57 F.2d 707 (2d Cir. 1932)
- Type
- Opinion
- Court
- Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- Federal
- Date
- 1932-04-11
- Topic
- bankruptcy
CHASE, Circuit Judge. The authority for the order of deportation is found in 8 USCA § 137 (c) and (g). The Communist Party is well known to be a group which advocates tho overthrow of organized government by foi'ee. No claim is made that aliens who are members of it axe not subject to deportation. The appellant contends, however, that, as he was not a member at the time of his arrest, he could not be deported because of his previous membership ; that he was not shown to be affiliated with tho proscribed organization; and that tho proceedings which led to the order of deportation were unfair.
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UNITED STATES v. COMMISSIONER OF IMMIGRATION,57 F.2d 707(2nd Cir. 1932)
UNITED STATES ex rel. YOKINEN v. COMMISSIONER OF IMMIGRATION.
No. 327.
Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
April 11, 1932.
Application by the United States on the relation of August Yokinen or Augustus Jokinen, for writ of habeas corpus, to be directed to the Commissioner of Immigration, Ellis Island, New York Harbor, to secure relator's release in a deportation proceeding. From an order dismissing the writ, relator appeals.
Affirmed.
Appeal from an order of the District Court for the Southern District of New York dismissing a writ of habeas corpus. Affirmed.
The relator, August Yokinen, is a citizen of Finland who entered this country for permanent residence on November 29, 1927, at the Port of New York and has since remained here. He had previously resided in the United States and had declared his intention to become a citizen on September 18, 1923. No further steps toward citizenship were taken, however. Soon after he came here the last time, he became a member of the Communist Party. He was charged with white chauvinism; tried by a mass jury of his party on February 28, 1931; found guilty and expelled. On March 2, 1931, he was arrested for deportation on a warrant issued by the Department of Labor.
After hearing before a Board of Special Inquiry he was ordered deported and obtained the writ of habeas corpus which was dismissed.
George Z. Medalie, U.S. Atty., of New York City (Ira Koenig, Asst. U.S. Atty., of New York City, of counsel), for respondent.
Before MANTON, AUGUSTUS N. HAND, and CHASE, Circuit Judges.
It is true that he was not a member of the Communist Party when arrested. He had recently been expelled because of his attitude toward negroes, but that did not remove him from the reach of the statute. We have nothing to do with shaping the policy of the law toward aliens who come here and join a proscribed society. Congress has provided that "any alien who, at any time after entering the United States, is found to have been at the time of entry, or to have become thereafter, a member of any one of the classes of aliens enumerated in this section" shall be deported. 8 USCA § 137(g). This alien concededly did become after entry a member of "one of the classes * * * enumerated" and from that time became deportable. We are urged to ameliorate the supposed harshness of the statute by reading into it words that Congress saw fit to leave out and interpret it to apply not to aliens who become members, but only to those who become and continue to the time of their arrest to be members, of one of the enumerated classes. If the words used in the statute were equivocal or the intention of Congress for any reason uncertain, there might be room for such a construction as that for which the appellant now contends. Perhaps the sufficient answer is that had Congress intended membership at the time of arrest to be the criterion it would have said so. It has the power to determinePage 708what acts of an alien shall terminate his right to remain here. Skeffington v. Katzeff et al. (C.C.A.) 277 F. 129. What it did do was to make the act of becoming a member a deportable offense without regard to continuance of membership and it did that in language so plain that any attempt to read in any other meaning is no less than an attempt to circumvent the law itself.
Since the appellant admittedly had, after entry, become a member of a proscribed organization, the undisputed evidence required the order from which this appeal was taken. All proof upon which he was held to be affiliated with the Communist Party was unnecessary, and while we do not mean to intimate that any evidence on that phase of the case was unfairly received and considered, in any event it did him no harm.
Order affirmed.