Opinion · Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

United States v. Benjamin Hitchcock

United States v. Benjamin Hitchcock, 467 F.2d 1107 (9th Cir. 1973)

Type
Opinion
Court
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Jurisdiction
Federal
Date
1973-01-22
Topic
general

How later courts describe this case

  • prison not a protected area under fourth amendment
  • decided before Wolff v. McDonnell, supra

Citator

UpLaw has not yet analyzed United States v. Benjamin Hitchcock. The absence of a flag is not a finding that it is good law.

Authority status
pending
Cited by
47 opinions
UNITED STATES v. HITCHCOCK,467 F.2d 1107(9th Cir. 1972)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, v. BENJAMIN HITCHCOCK,
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
No. 72-1308.
United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
October 3, 1972.
Rehearing Denied October 31, 1972.
Certiorari Denied January 22, 1973.
Page 1108
Tom Karas, Federal Public Defender, Phoenix, Ariz. for defendant-appellant.

William C. Smitherman, U.S. Atty., Thomas N. Crowe, Asst. U.S. Atty., Phoenix, Ariz., for plaintiff-appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Arizona.
Before BARNES, KILKENNY and CHOY, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
[1] Hitchcock appeals his conviction by a jury of six counts of presenting fraudulent income tax refund claims to the Internal Revenue Service. He was already serving a life term for murder in the Arizona State Prison when he committed these tax offenses for which he received six concurrent five year sentences to run consecutively to his life sentence. We affirm.

[2] Appellant's Arizona prison cell was searched without a warrant and documentary evidence was found which was received by the court over appellant's motion to suppress. He contends that his Fourth Amendment right was violated by the warrantless search and seizure in his prison cell. We disagree.

[3] In Katz v. United States,389 U.S. 347, 88 S.Ct. 507, 19 L.Ed.2d 576 (1967), the Supreme Court enunciated a new standard for determining the limitations of the Fourth Amendment. Until now, this court has not been faced with the problem of applying this new test to searches involving prison inmates. The protection of the Fourth Amendment no longer depends upon "constitutionally protected" places. Instead, we must consider "first that a person have exhibited an actual (subjective) expectation of privacy and second, that the expectation be one that society is prepared to recognize as `reasonable.'"Katz,supraat 361, 88 S.Ct. at 516 (Harlan, J., concurring).

[4] While Hitchcock plainly had the requisite subjective intent to keep the documents private, we do not think that his expectation was reasonable. "But to say that a public jail is the equivalent of a man's `house' . . . is at best a novel argument. . . . it is obvious that a jail shares none of the attributes of privacy of a home, an automobile, an office, or a hotel room. In prison, official surveillance has traditionally been the order of the day." Lanza v. New York,370 U.S. 139, 143, 82 S.Ct. 1218, 1220, 8 L.Ed.2d 384 (1962). See Price v. Johnston,334 U.S. 266, 285, 68 S.Ct. 1049, 1060, 92 L.Ed. 1356 (1948). We do not feel that it is reasonable for a prisoner to consider his cell private. Therefore, the search did not violate the limitations of the Fourth Amendment.

[5] Affirmed.Page 1170